Chapter 2 - Research Methods

Question 1

Prefrontal Lobotomy

Answer 1

When a surgeon severs the fibers connecting the brain’s frontal lobes from the underlying thalamus
“treatment for schizophrenia”

Question 2

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 2

Watching participants behavior in real-world settings without trying to manipulate their actions

Question 3

External Validity

Answer 3

The extent that our findings generalize to real world settings

Question 4

Internal Validity

Answer 4

The extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences

Question 5

Case Study

Answer 5

Researchers examine one person or a small number of people over an extended period of time

Question 6

Existence Proofs

Answer 6

Demonstrations that a given psychological phenomena can occur

Question 7

Self-Report Measures (Questionnaires)

Answer 7

Assess a variety of characteristics (personality traits, mental illness, interests)

Question 8

Surveys

Answer 8

Measure people’s opinions and attitude

Question 9

Random Selection

Answer 9

Every person in the population has an equal chance of being chosen to particapate

Question 10

Relaibailty

Answer 10

Consistency of measurement

Question 11

Validity

Answer 11

Extent to which a measure assesses what it claims to measure

Question 12

Response Acts

Answer 12

Tendencies to distort their answers to questions often in a positive light

Question 13

Halo Effect

Answer 13

One positive characteristic to “spill over” to influence the ratings of other positive characteristics

Question 14

Correlational Designs

Answer 14

Examine the extent to which two variables are associated

Question 15

Scatter Plot

Answer 15

A grouping of points on a two-dimensional graph

Question 16

Illusory Correlation

Answer 16

Perception of a statistical assocoation between two variables where non exists.

Question 17

FMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Answer 17

Measures blood flow in active areas of the brain

Areas with stronger blood flow thought to be active during a given task

Question 18

EEF (Electron phalo gram)

Answer 18

Measures the electricity from the scalp

Measures how electrical activity changes when doing different kinds of tasks

Question 19

Placebo Effect

Answer 19

Improvement resulting from the mere expectation of improvement
“sugar pill”
Used on control group

Question 20

Control Group

Answer 20

The group that does NOT receive the manipulation

Question 21

Experimental Group

Answer 21

The group that DOES receive the manipulation