Chapter 2- Research Methods Flashcards
Observational studies
Collecting data by carefully watching and recording behaviour as it occurs
Correlation studies
Investigate the relationship between 2 or more variables
Cross sectional studies
Selects and compares 2 or more groups of participants from different ages over a short period of time
Research study
Process of how to preform an experiment: seeing if the IV has an effect on the DV
Empirical evidence
Knowledge acquired by observational and experimentation
Representative sample
Sample that is approximately the same as the population from which it is drawn in every important characteristic.
The sample should represent the population
Random sampling vs random allocation
Random sampling is a procedure that ensures every member had an equal chance of getting picked as a participant
Random allocation is the procedure that ensures that the sample has an equal chance of getting into the control group and the experimental group
Stratified sampling
Dividing the population to be sampled into different subgroups, or strata, then selecting a separate sample from each subgroup (called stratum) in the same proportions that they occur in the population of interest
Random stratified sampling
The researcher makes accurate lists of all people within the subgroup (stratum). Then the researcher will draw a random sample of proportionate size from each strate.
Extraneous variable
An extra variable other than the IV or DV
An unwanted variable
Non participant naturalistic observation
When trying to hide their presence wil making observations in a natural setting
What are the participant rights
Withdrawal Confidentiality Deception Debriefing Informed consent
Qualitative vs quantitative
Qualitative is information about qualities or characteristics
Quantitative is a numerical information on the quantity or amount
Case study
In depth investigation of some behaviour or event of interest in an individual, small group or situation
• Jean Piaget’s 4 stages of Cognitive Development
Stages People Can Follow Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) Pre-operational stage (2-7 years) Concrete operational stage (7-12 years) Formal operational stage (12 + years)
