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HISTORY OF THE USA > Chapter 2: Reasons For European Colonization Of The American Continent > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Reasons For European Colonization Of The American Continent Flashcards

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1
Q

Colony

A

A colony is composed of number of people who leave their country to settle down in other country, make that place their permanent residence and remain under the protection of their home /mother country

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2
Q

Driving forces/ factors for colonization names

A 
Search for natural resources
Religious factors
Imperial race and royal patronage
Industrial revolution and growth in production
Interest in trade and commerce
Advance seafaring technology
Pressure of population
Literature and art innovation
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3
Q

Search of natural resources

A

European powers sought to gain access to valuable natural resources to add to their wealth.
They found out that this land could offer many valuable stones and minerals
One of the important factors specifically named in historical accounts is the European powers’ quest to acquire more and more gold.
Spain and Portugal found gold and silver reserves and tgey sent loaded ships back to their home countries.
This encouraged many other powers to explore this part of the world.
These powers eventually encouraged individuals as well as chartered companies to settle down in the unclaimed areas of American Continent

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4
Q

Religious factor

A

Religious policies of rulers of 16 and 17 centuries led to persecution and religious intolerance
Many people left their countries and settled into America to have freedom of religious practice
Puritans left england.

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5
Q

Puritans found which colony

A

Found the colony of Massachusetts bay

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6
Q

Which colonies owe their origin to the religious factors

A

Virginia

Maryland

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7
Q

Pilgrims got tired of what

A

Moreover, with the reforms of john calvin, they got tired of the incomplete reformation of the english church.

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8
Q

Wher did pilgrims migrate

A

Some migrated to north america where they hoped to conclude such reformation

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9
Q

They voiced what

A

The voiced their discontent with the corrupted practices from rome and thought they should altogether abolish bishops

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10
Q

Imperial race and royal patronage

A

One of the reasons of colonization was to gain glory as perceived by the European powers of that time

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11
Q

What was considered the symbol of power and prestige

A

More land under the empire was considered the symbol of power and prestige

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12
Q

What is mercantilism

A

Economic policy of the rich empires.

Briefly, it means that colonies were establish for the benefit of the mother country

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13
Q

The very reason to colonize was

A

It was to eventually add to the power of the empire; in terms of land and economic resources

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14
Q

Royal patronage

A

It was also a major reason behind colonization and exploration because it initially enabled the voyages to take place.

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15
Q

Why did the early efforts of english failed

A

Because of lack of state patronage
English succeeded in establishing colonies in America only after the king started extending patronage to individuals and companies
French king also took personal interest in colonization of the Continent

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16
Q

Industrial revolution and growth in production

A

English realized that natural resources were not enough to bring wealth.
Tobacco sugar cotton was of importance

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17
Q

What did they do to industrialized

A

They installed production facilities to reduce the colonists’ dependence on foreign producers
Join stock companies were established and they ensure to ease out the exploration by individuals

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18
Q

__&__= companies in ___and ____-

A

Russia and eastland companies
1553
1572

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19
Q

_____ comoany in 15____ it was set up to trade with the ________

A

Levant 1592

Eastern Mediterranean

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20
Q

East India company in____

To trade with?

A

1600

Far east

21
Q

Interest in trade and commerce

A

The temptation to trade with the Eastern companies also contributed to the colonization of American Continent by European countries

22
Q

The ever increasing demand of Asian goods like

A 
Cotton
Silk
Spices
Dry fruits
Cloth
Precious stones
23
Q

Consequences of this increasing demand of asian goods

A

It resulted in u favorable balance of trade and Europe had to part with a lot of gold

24
Q

The people in england needed ___ from colonies

A

Imports

Colonies put out many ecports and extended their economy and resources

25
Q

How the economic value of land vas vastly imp

A

If a colony settled on a fertile land and was able to produce cash crops from it then the money was rewarding for everybody who worked in the land
This gave all an economic opportunity with no skill except manual labour

26
Q

When it became beneficial and how

A

When the European powers started to colonize new lands, it bacame beneficial in terms of general exchange of products

27
Q

European powers acquired what and sent what to the colonies

A

Acquired sugar tobacco cotton

And sent crops like fruits and others

28
Q

Advanced sea faring technology

A

Europeans wanted new short routes to the east.
They wanted them to have trade with less expenditures in shorter time.
Besidea, there used to be a trend of voyages.
But due to lack of enough technical knowhow and advanced seafaring technology their ships could not travel into deep water

29
Q

How they achieved advance seafaring technology

A

Europe was robustly developing in industrialization period.
They made ships which could travel into deep water.
This technology gave them a chance to go on with their mission.

30
Q

The exploration and colonization was made possible by?

A

By the improved navigational methods, better maps and fleets.

31
Q

How many people were living in Europe at that time

A

100 million

32
Q

The chief profession of those people was?

A

Agriculture

33
Q

Why were agriculture failing in europe

A

Because the cultivation methods were primitive, resulting in very poor yield

34
Q

What was the only way to increase production

A

Was to bring more land under cultivation

35
Q

Pressure of population

A

When the news of discovery of American Continent reached the europe, it was like a new ray of hope for the people.
Moreover people who were oppressed in england, losing jobs, homes, money to taxes and other acts of government were in a search of a way to gain land or new homes this search brought them to America

36
Q

How people who migrated gain money

A

They utilized the land by cultivating it much more than it was possible in england
They used natural resources depending on where they settled and depending on the land, they sent exports and gain money.
The word came back and this led to economic opportunity for the people who wanted to travel and work.
The jobs demanded people and guaranteed them with pay.
Joint stock company
The virginia company and many others provided people with what they needed

37
Q

Literature and art innovation
Writers had influence through ?
How?

A

Their Writings

The people who learnt about it wrote it in such a way that attracted people to visit and experience it for themselves

38
Q

Painters contribution

A

Painters who learnt about it made paintings to depict life over there

39
Q

Poet’s contribution

A

Peoms were written
This created a gwneral interest among people who wanted to explore the new land and experience its goodness
They wanted to gain some somethings that the new land seemed to offer

40
Q

At the veey early time who were strongest in america

A

Spaniards

41
Q

Why not england?

A

Because there expeditions were discontinuous and not very successful

42
Q

Who was martin state full name

What did he do?

A

Martin forbisher

He set out to the west in 1576

43
Q

Who was humphry?

A

Sir humphry Gilbert
Set out to discover and colonize north west in
1578

44
Q

Philip
Arthur
They went where and when?
Made contacts with whom

A 
Philip Amada
Arthur barlowe
Expedition under them took place in 1584
They went out for north america.
They made contact with Roanoke island
45
Q

Which expeditions were not fruitful for england

A

1585 and 1587

46
Q

Peace agrement between spain and england

A

was signed in 1604

47
Q

When roanoke was contacted again

A

No contact with roanoke was made until rhe spanish amada was defeated

48
Q

Why not england were first

A

The american land was swamy and not easily accessible and was disease ridden at that time
English expeditions had people who were soldiers of fortune not colonizers
They lacked the skolls to get settlement started
And event2it took some time for them to grow hold in that area

HISTORY OF THE USA (6 decks)

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