Chapter 2: Reasons For European Colonization Of The American Continent Flashcards
Colony
A colony is composed of number of people who leave their country to settle down in other country, make that place their permanent residence and remain under the protection of their home /mother country
Driving forces/ factors for colonization names
Search for natural resources Religious factors Imperial race and royal patronage Industrial revolution and growth in production Interest in trade and commerce Advance seafaring technology Pressure of population Literature and art innovation
Search of natural resources
European powers sought to gain access to valuable natural resources to add to their wealth.
They found out that this land could offer many valuable stones and minerals
One of the important factors specifically named in historical accounts is the European powers’ quest to acquire more and more gold.
Spain and Portugal found gold and silver reserves and tgey sent loaded ships back to their home countries.
This encouraged many other powers to explore this part of the world.
These powers eventually encouraged individuals as well as chartered companies to settle down in the unclaimed areas of American Continent
Religious factor
Religious policies of rulers of 16 and 17 centuries led to persecution and religious intolerance
Many people left their countries and settled into America to have freedom of religious practice
Puritans left england.
Puritans found which colony
Found the colony of Massachusetts bay
Which colonies owe their origin to the religious factors
Virginia
Maryland
Pilgrims got tired of what
Moreover, with the reforms of john calvin, they got tired of the incomplete reformation of the english church.
Wher did pilgrims migrate
Some migrated to north america where they hoped to conclude such reformation
They voiced what
The voiced their discontent with the corrupted practices from rome and thought they should altogether abolish bishops
Imperial race and royal patronage
One of the reasons of colonization was to gain glory as perceived by the European powers of that time
What was considered the symbol of power and prestige
More land under the empire was considered the symbol of power and prestige
What is mercantilism
Economic policy of the rich empires.
Briefly, it means that colonies were establish for the benefit of the mother country
The very reason to colonize was
It was to eventually add to the power of the empire; in terms of land and economic resources
Royal patronage
It was also a major reason behind colonization and exploration because it initially enabled the voyages to take place.
Why did the early efforts of english failed
Because of lack of state patronage
English succeeded in establishing colonies in America only after the king started extending patronage to individuals and companies
French king also took personal interest in colonization of the Continent
Industrial revolution and growth in production
English realized that natural resources were not enough to bring wealth.
Tobacco sugar cotton was of importance
What did they do to industrialized
They installed production facilities to reduce the colonists’ dependence on foreign producers
Join stock companies were established and they ensure to ease out the exploration by individuals
__&__= companies in ___and ____-
Russia and eastland companies
1553
1572
_____ comoany in 15____ it was set up to trade with the ________
Levant 1592
Eastern Mediterranean
East India company in____
To trade with?
1600
Far east
Interest in trade and commerce
The temptation to trade with the Eastern companies also contributed to the colonization of American Continent by European countries
The ever increasing demand of Asian goods like
Cotton Silk Spices Dry fruits Cloth Precious stones
Consequences of this increasing demand of asian goods
It resulted in u favorable balance of trade and Europe had to part with a lot of gold
The people in england needed ___ from colonies
Imports
Colonies put out many ecports and extended their economy and resources
How the economic value of land vas vastly imp
If a colony settled on a fertile land and was able to produce cash crops from it then the money was rewarding for everybody who worked in the land
This gave all an economic opportunity with no skill except manual labour
When it became beneficial and how
When the European powers started to colonize new lands, it bacame beneficial in terms of general exchange of products
European powers acquired what and sent what to the colonies
Acquired sugar tobacco cotton
And sent crops like fruits and others
Advanced sea faring technology
Europeans wanted new short routes to the east.
They wanted them to have trade with less expenditures in shorter time.
Besidea, there used to be a trend of voyages.
But due to lack of enough technical knowhow and advanced seafaring technology their ships could not travel into deep water
How they achieved advance seafaring technology
Europe was robustly developing in industrialization period.
They made ships which could travel into deep water.
This technology gave them a chance to go on with their mission.
The exploration and colonization was made possible by?
By the improved navigational methods, better maps and fleets.
How many people were living in Europe at that time
100 million
The chief profession of those people was?
Agriculture
Why were agriculture failing in europe
Because the cultivation methods were primitive, resulting in very poor yield
What was the only way to increase production
Was to bring more land under cultivation
Pressure of population
When the news of discovery of American Continent reached the europe, it was like a new ray of hope for the people.
Moreover people who were oppressed in england, losing jobs, homes, money to taxes and other acts of government were in a search of a way to gain land or new homes this search brought them to America
How people who migrated gain money
They utilized the land by cultivating it much more than it was possible in england
They used natural resources depending on where they settled and depending on the land, they sent exports and gain money.
The word came back and this led to economic opportunity for the people who wanted to travel and work.
The jobs demanded people and guaranteed them with pay.
Joint stock company
The virginia company and many others provided people with what they needed
Literature and art innovation
Writers had influence through ?
How?
Their Writings
The people who learnt about it wrote it in such a way that attracted people to visit and experience it for themselves
Painters contribution
Painters who learnt about it made paintings to depict life over there
Poet’s contribution
Peoms were written
This created a gwneral interest among people who wanted to explore the new land and experience its goodness
They wanted to gain some somethings that the new land seemed to offer
At the veey early time who were strongest in america
Spaniards
Why not england?
Because there expeditions were discontinuous and not very successful
Who was martin state full name
What did he do?
Martin forbisher
He set out to the west in 1576
Who was humphry?
Sir humphry Gilbert
Set out to discover and colonize north west in
1578
Philip
Arthur
They went where and when?
Made contacts with whom
Philip Amada Arthur barlowe Expedition under them took place in 1584 They went out for north america. They made contact with Roanoke island
Which expeditions were not fruitful for england
1585 and 1587
Peace agrement between spain and england
was signed in 1604
When roanoke was contacted again
No contact with roanoke was made until rhe spanish amada was defeated
Why not england were first
The american land was swamy and not easily accessible and was disease ridden at that time
English expeditions had people who were soldiers of fortune not colonizers
They lacked the skolls to get settlement started
And event2it took some time for them to grow hold in that area
