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America Chapters 1-3 > Chapter 2 Quest for Civil Rights > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Quest for Civil Rights Flashcards

1
Q

When was Plessy v Ferguson and what did it state?

A

1896

Facilities must be separate but equal.

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2
Q

Was Separate but Equal carried out well?

A

No. Just separate.

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3
Q

Name of famous black American who advocated Separate but equal.

A

Booker T. Washington

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4
Q

Ways in which black people were excluded from the vote.

A

Had to pass a hard literacy test.

Some states needed you to own a home.

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5
Q

How many people were lynched by the KKK between 1915-30?

A

65 white men

579 black men

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6
Q

When was the Great migration?

A

1917-32

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7
Q

Name three cities in the north with a high black population.

A

Chicago
Detroit
Cleveland
Cincinnati

Note: By 1920, almost 40% of blacks living up north were in these cities.

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8
Q

What were the impacts of the Great migration?

A

Certain city populations rose sharply.
Black people had serious political influence in cities. 1919 blacks in Chicago kept a mayor in power.
Sudden work force drop in the south, farms struggled.
Those who stayed south seen as accepting Jim Crown Laws.

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9
Q

What did FDR do for civil rights?

A

Not much as he needed support from racists.
Appointed a few black advisors.
Executive order 8802 - bans racial discrimination in military.

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10
Q

New Deal agencies were said to be ‘colour blind’ was this actually the case?

A

No.
Blacks often taken off work for white people.
Black officials had to persuade the NRA to balance the pay for blacks and whites (before it was taken down).

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11
Q

When was the NAACP established?

A

1910

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12
Q

When was Montgomery Bus boycott? How long did it last for?

A

1955-56

Lasted 380 days.

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13
Q

When did Emmett Till die?

A

1955

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14
Q

How did World War 2 benefit Black Americans?

A

Blacks and whites forced to work along side each other in factories. Made whites realize they’re not inferior.
EO 8802.
1942, 3% factory workers were black. 1944 this was 8%.

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15
Q

Truman’s impact on civil rights.

A

He tried passing anti-lynching and anti-segregation laws in 1954. Congress didn’t let it happen.
Set up Committee on Civil Rights.
Truman tried but couldn’t get much through.

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16
Q

What was the NAACP numbers in 1917 and 1946?

A

1917 - 9,000

1946 - 600,000

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17
Q

When was Brown vs. Board of Education?

What did it state?

A

1954

Segregated schools were mentally damaging to children and should be banned.

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18
Q

After Brown vs. Board, how bad was the segregated schools situation in the south?

A

Still bad, the south were still defiant.

Ten years after BvB, there was only 1 black student in every 100 in integrated schools.

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19
Q

Name 2 committees set up in the 50s to combat segregation in the south.

A

White Citizens Council 1954

Committee Against Discrimination in Housing 1950

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20
Q

What did the Separatists movement advocate?

A

Racism couldn’t be beaten and African Americans should just move back to Africa.

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21
Q

How many legal cases did the NAACP win in the 50s?

A

All of them.

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22
Q

Brown vs Board was revised to become Brown II.

A quote from it was “With all deliberate speed”. How did racists use this to their advantage?

A

They took very long implementing racial justice laws and used that part of Brown II to get away with it since it basically means ‘take your time’.

23
Q

Name the city and date of one sit in organised by CORE (between 40-55)

A

Chicago 1942
St. Louis 1949
Baltimore 1952

24
Q

What were the rules of non-violent protests?

A

Dress well.
Don’t be loud and aggressive.
Don’t fight back.

25
Q

Break down Montgomery Bus Boycott.

A

1955-56
Rosa Parks got arrested for refusing to sit at the back of a bus.
Led to an black bus boycott that lasted 380 days.
MLK got involved, his house was firebombed for it.
13th November 1956 Montgomery buses desegregated.

26
Q

Break down Little Rock, Arkansas.

A

1957
9 black kids going to have their first day at desegregated school.
8 children got told not to go.
Elizabeth Eckford didn’t and get the message and got mobbed at school gates.
National Guard had to escort her out.

27
Q

Break down Greensborough Sit-ins.

A

February 1960
4 black students waited to be served at the Greensborough white only lunch counter.
Were joined the next day by 30 more.
Were all abuse at the counter, lots of media coverage.
Bomb scare called the whole thing off.

28
Q

Break down Freedom rides.

A

1961
Members of Core took mixed busses to the south to test whether their restrooms were desegregated.
2 busses got attacked at several stops.
In Alabama, 1 bus got firebombed after being chased by 50 cars, including police.
3 died.
Directed by James Farmer

29
Q

Break down Bombingham.

A

1963 Birmingham, Alabama.
MLK and the SCLC pushed to desegregate the whole town.
Tactics included getting arrested to fill jails.
Racist police chief ordered use of high pressure hoses and dogs on protesters.
Kids trained in protest tactics.
Was desegregated after 12th May.

30
Q

Break down Freedom Summer.

A

1964 Mississippi
SNCC sent 45 volunteers to the south to push voter registration.
They got 17,000 to register, only 1,600 passed.
By the End of the summer, there were 6 deaths and 35 shootings because of it.

31
Q

What did Stokely Carmichael create in 1965?

A

Lowndes County Freedom Organisation.

They adopted the black panther symbol.

32
Q

What happened to James Meredith in 1966 and who took over?

A

Meredith was shot and MLK took over the March Against Fear.

33
Q

What gesture was used in the 60s for black rights?

A

Black Power.

Raised clenched fist.

34
Q

What happened to the American medalists in the 1968 Olympics who stood for black power?

A

Ostracized from the US Olympic team.

Criticized by media.

35
Q

What problem emerged from the Black Power movement?

A

Lots of different movements associated under Black Power.

Too many groups meant very poor coordination between them. Some violent groups took the BP name too.

36
Q

What cities were the major riots in 1964 in?

What caused them?

A

Chicago
New York
Philadelphia
Results of police brutality

37
Q

When was the Northern Crusade?

A

1966

38
Q

What did the Northern Crusades impact?

A

Ghettoes in the north, mainly in Chicago.
MLK intended to improve slums by setting up tenant unions, improving working conditions and educating youngsters in non-violent protests.

39
Q

Did the Northern Crusade succeed?

A

No long term solutions and didn’t help much.

MLK insists it was a success.

40
Q

What civil rights legislation was passed in 1965?

A

Voting Rights Act.

41
Q

What does the BIA stand for?

A

Bureau of Indian Affairs.

42
Q

What did Termination towards Natives mean?

A

Encouraging them to move to cities and and sell their tribal lands.

43
Q

When did the HoR pass a resolution for Termination?

A

1953

44
Q

Give examples of Native Indian protesting.

A

Red Power slogan.
American Indian Movement (AIM).
The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI).

45
Q

Gains for Native Indians.

A

Nixon sympathized with them. Helped the 830,000 Indians over the 22.6 million black Americans.
Indian Education Act 1972.
Indian Financing Act 1974.
Indian Self-determination Act 1975.

46
Q

When and what was the Bracero programme?

A

1942-64, promised equal wages and for Hispanic immigrants working in America.
Also encouraged Hispanics to work on farms.

47
Q

List 3 of the main problems Hispanics suffered.

A

Land
Workers’ rights
Discrimination
Deportation

48
Q

What did Cesar Chavez protest for?

A

Hispanic workers rights, particularly working conditions.

49
Q

Name 3 figures of Hispanic rights.

A 
Cesar Chavez.
Rodolfo Gonzales.
Jose Angel Gutierrez.
Reies Lopez Tijerina.
Brown Berets.
50
Q

When did Hispanics become equal citizens?

A

1966

51
Q

When was Stone wall riots?

A

1969

52
Q

Name of Famous gay rights activist.

A

Harvey Milk

53
Q

When was Harvey Milk killed

A

1979

America Chapters 1-3 (3 decks)

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