Chapter 1 Political Change

Question 1

What was return to normalcy?

Answer 1

Wanting America to go back to what it was like before WW1.

Question 2

What was unemployment in 1919 and what did it rise to in 1921?

Answer 2

950,000 - 5,010,000

Question 3

When were the emergency quota acts and what did they do?

Answer 3

1921 - restricted immigration to 357,000 a year.

Was revised in 1924 to only allow 150,000 in a year.

Question 4

When and what was the Washington Conference?

Answer 4

1921-22

Set limits on national navies.

Question 5

What did the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act encourage?

Answer 5

Americans to buy its own countries product.

The Tariff increased the cost of international goods.

Question 6

Name the three Republican presidents after Wilson in order.

Answer 6

Warren G. Harding
Calvin Coolidge
Herbert Hoover

Question 7

When was the first Red Scare?

Answer 7

1919-20

Question 8

How many strikes were carried out in 1919?

Answer 8

3,600+

Question 9

Reference a strike during the first Red Scare.

Answer 9

21st January 1919
35,000 shipyard workers went on strike in Seattle.

22nd September 1919
Pittsburgh Steelwork strike

Question 10

How did Hoover try to sort out the Great Depression?

Answer 10

Rugged individualism
Hoovervilles
In his last year of presidency, the Gov received $2,000 million and spent $5,000 million to try and fix the economy.

Question 11

Break down the Bonus Army.

Answer 11

Government promised to pay WW1 vets for their service.
1924 they payed the people who they owed the least, $50. They aimed to pay everyone by 1945.
WSC hits and they can’t pay anymore.
June 1932, 150,000 march on Washington, met with army using tear gas, cavalry and machine guns.

Question 12

How did Republican president’s management of the WSC change the people’s opinion of them?

Answer 12

Laizze-faire policy being useless.
Public opinion declined, they wanted a new strategy.
Contributed to FDR victory in 1933.

Question 13

What made FDR so popular?

Answer 13

New Deal thinking
He insisted the Government get involved
His openness about the ongoing of Government.

Question 14

Give the name of 2 Alphabet Agencies

Answer 14

Agricultural Adjustment Agency (AAA)
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Civilian Works Administration (CWA)
Farm Credit Administration (FCA)

Question 15

When and what was the NRA?

Answer 15

National Recovery Administration
Established Working hours and minimum wage for those who joined it.
Started in 1933 but was ruled unconstitutional in 1937.

Question 16

When and what was the AAA?

Answer 16

Agricultural Adjustment Agency
Established 1933
They Bought farmers crop and encouraged farmers to farm less (cash reward).
Main aim was to prevent a food market crash.

Question 17

What was the biggest way FDR appeased the masses?

Answer 17

His fire side chats.

Question 18

America supplied England weapons during WW2.

When England couldn’t pay them anymore, how did they work around it?

Answer 18

FDR offered a Lend-lease scheme.

the Lend-lease Act was passed in 1941.

Question 19

How did WW2 help revitalise America’s economy?

Answer 19

Mass producing weapons gave out lots of Jobs.
Lend-lease to Britain totalled to $51 billion by the end of the war.
by 1942, America had produced $47 billion worth of war goods.

Question 20

What did Industry profits go from in 1940, to in 1943?

Answer 20

17 million - 28million

Question 21

Who were the next 5 presidents after FDR, in order.

Answer 21

Harry Truman
Dwight Eisenhower
John F. Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson
Richard m. Nixon

Question 22

When was the second Red Scare and who led it?

Answer 22

1947-54

Led by Joseph McCarthy.

Question 23

What people did the second Red Scare target?

Answer 23

Actors and Politians.

Question 24

When did Nika Krushchev (USSR leader) visit USA?

What was he met with?

Answer 24

1959

An Anti-communist demonstration.

Question 25

What did hippies advocate?

Answer 25

Peace
Drugs
Sexual freedom

Question 26

When was Woodstock Festival and how many people went?

Answer 26

1969

400,000 - 500,000 people went.

Question 27

When was the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) founded?

Answer 27

1960

Question 28

What happened at California state University in 1964?

Also what happened after because of it?

Answer 28

Student protester got arrested while protesting in the Free Speech Movement.
Caused more peaceful protesting.
May 1970, Ohio national guardsmen shot 4 protesters. Caused students to bomb military targets.

Question 29

1970, a bomb went off outside a military research base. What were the damages?
(Question linked to Student protests)

Answer 29

Killed one scientist and $60 million worth of damage.

Question 30

How did the Cold War impact the presidency?

Answer 30

Gave the president the power to carry out orders without Congress.
Caused the US military to increase in size.
CIA being founded.
President had the power to use Nukes.

Question 31

How did the Korean War impact the presidency?

Answer 31

President had more freedom to act alone in foreign affairs.

Increased defence spending.

Question 32

How did the Vietnam war impact the presidency?

Answer 32

Significantly decreased popularity of the presidency. e.g. LBJ chant.
The war’s legacy still had an impact on presidents after it too.
Footage of Saigon’s evac disaster was damaging too.

Question 33

How did media impact the presidency?

Answer 33

Some benefitted, JFK was seen as very confident on TV.
some negative, Walter Cronkite’s documentary on Vietnam caused lots of backlash.
Media was very influential.

Question 34

When did Walter Cronkite release his program on Vietnam?

Answer 34

1968

Question 35

How many Americans said they trust their government in 1974?

Answer 35

less than 40%.

Question 36

When was Watergate Scandal?

Answer 36

1972-74

Question 37

How much was a bomb shelter in 1958?

Answer 37

$1,300

Note: Average yearly income for an American family was $5,100.

Question 38

Why did the confidence of the presidents decline 60s-80s?

Answer 38

Media exposing scandals.
Loss of the Vietnam war, Cronkite.
None of them could live up to FDR.
Jimmy Carter being a mess of a president.

Question 39

in 1960, 70% of Americans said they trusted the Government. What was this % in 1970?

Answer 39

> 40%