Chapter 1 Political Change Flashcards
What was return to normalcy?
Wanting America to go back to what it was like before WW1.
What was unemployment in 1919 and what did it rise to in 1921?
950,000 - 5,010,000
When were the emergency quota acts and what did they do?
1921 - restricted immigration to 357,000 a year.
Was revised in 1924 to only allow 150,000 in a year.
When and what was the Washington Conference?
1921-22
Set limits on national navies.
What did the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act encourage?
Americans to buy its own countries product.
The Tariff increased the cost of international goods.
Name the three Republican presidents after Wilson in order.
Warren G. Harding
Calvin Coolidge
Herbert Hoover
When was the first Red Scare?
1919-20
How many strikes were carried out in 1919?
3,600+
Reference a strike during the first Red Scare.
21st January 1919
35,000 shipyard workers went on strike in Seattle.
22nd September 1919
Pittsburgh Steelwork strike
How did Hoover try to sort out the Great Depression?
Rugged individualism
Hoovervilles
In his last year of presidency, the Gov received $2,000 million and spent $5,000 million to try and fix the economy.
Break down the Bonus Army.
Government promised to pay WW1 vets for their service.
1924 they payed the people who they owed the least, $50. They aimed to pay everyone by 1945.
WSC hits and they can’t pay anymore.
June 1932, 150,000 march on Washington, met with army using tear gas, cavalry and machine guns.
How did Republican president’s management of the WSC change the people’s opinion of them?
Laizze-faire policy being useless.
Public opinion declined, they wanted a new strategy.
Contributed to FDR victory in 1933.
What made FDR so popular?
New Deal thinking
He insisted the Government get involved
His openness about the ongoing of Government.
Give the name of 2 Alphabet Agencies
Agricultural Adjustment Agency (AAA)
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Civilian Works Administration (CWA)
Farm Credit Administration (FCA)
When and what was the NRA?
National Recovery Administration
Established Working hours and minimum wage for those who joined it.
Started in 1933 but was ruled unconstitutional in 1937.
When and what was the AAA?
Agricultural Adjustment Agency
Established 1933
They Bought farmers crop and encouraged farmers to farm less (cash reward).
Main aim was to prevent a food market crash.
What was the biggest way FDR appeased the masses?
His fire side chats.
America supplied England weapons during WW2.
When England couldn’t pay them anymore, how did they work around it?
FDR offered a Lend-lease scheme.
the Lend-lease Act was passed in 1941.
How did WW2 help revitalise America’s economy?
Mass producing weapons gave out lots of Jobs.
Lend-lease to Britain totalled to $51 billion by the end of the war.
by 1942, America had produced $47 billion worth of war goods.
What did Industry profits go from in 1940, to in 1943?
17 million - 28million
Who were the next 5 presidents after FDR, in order.
Harry Truman Dwight Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson Richard m. Nixon
When was the second Red Scare and who led it?
1947-54
Led by Joseph McCarthy.
What people did the second Red Scare target?
Actors and Politians.
When did Nika Krushchev (USSR leader) visit USA?
What was he met with?
1959
An Anti-communist demonstration.
What did hippies advocate?
Peace
Drugs
Sexual freedom
When was Woodstock Festival and how many people went?
1969
400,000 - 500,000 people went.
When was the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) founded?
1960
What happened at California state University in 1964?
Also what happened after because of it?
Student protester got arrested while protesting in the Free Speech Movement.
Caused more peaceful protesting.
May 1970, Ohio national guardsmen shot 4 protesters. Caused students to bomb military targets.
1970, a bomb went off outside a military research base. What were the damages?
(Question linked to Student protests)
Killed one scientist and $60 million worth of damage.
How did the Cold War impact the presidency?
Gave the president the power to carry out orders without Congress.
Caused the US military to increase in size.
CIA being founded.
President had the power to use Nukes.
How did the Korean War impact the presidency?
President had more freedom to act alone in foreign affairs.
Increased defence spending.
How did the Vietnam war impact the presidency?
Significantly decreased popularity of the presidency. e.g. LBJ chant.
The war’s legacy still had an impact on presidents after it too.
Footage of Saigon’s evac disaster was damaging too.
How did media impact the presidency?
Some benefitted, JFK was seen as very confident on TV.
some negative, Walter Cronkite’s documentary on Vietnam caused lots of backlash.
Media was very influential.
When did Walter Cronkite release his program on Vietnam?
1968
How many Americans said they trust their government in 1974?
less than 40%.
When was Watergate Scandal?
1972-74
How much was a bomb shelter in 1958?
$1,300
Note: Average yearly income for an American family was $5,100.
Why did the confidence of the presidents decline 60s-80s?
Media exposing scandals.
Loss of the Vietnam war, Cronkite.
None of them could live up to FDR.
Jimmy Carter being a mess of a president.
in 1960, 70% of Americans said they trusted the Government. What was this % in 1970?
> 40%
