Chapter 2: Psych Research Flashcards
observable realities
facts
personal judgements, conclusions, attitudes
opinions
2 types of reasoning
deductive and inductive
type of reasoning in which ideas are tested in the real world
deductive reasoning
type of reasoning in which real-world observations lead to new ideas
inductive
hypothesis > empirical observations
deductive reasoning
empirical observations > hypothesis
inductive reasoning
well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena
theory
testable prediction about how the world will behave if our idea is correct
hypothesis
theory>hypothesis>data>analyzing data> summarize data and report findings > confirm theory or modify theory
cycle of testing of hypothesis
research is dependent on what
falsability
capable of being shown to be incorrect
falsifiable
when an observer focuses on one person or just a few individuals
clinical or case studies
con of case studies
not able to generalize
observing behavior in a natural setting
naturalistic observation
cons of naturalistic observation
difficult to set up or control
observer bias
inter-rater reliability
list of qs to be answered by research participants
surveys
cons of surveys
not a lot of depth of info
people don’t give accurate responses
subset of individuals selected from a population
sample
overall group of individuals researchers are interested in
population
looking at past records or data sets to look for patterns or relationships
archival research
cons of archival research
no control of what info is collected
no guarantee of consistency
research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time
longitudinal or cross-sectional research
cons of longitudinal or cross-sectional research
great time and money investment
participants might drop out of research
