Ch 5: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential

Answer 1

transduction

Question 2

senses (9)

Answer 2

sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, balance, sense of surrounding and movement, pain, temperature

Question 3

min. amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the time

Answer 3

absolute threshold

Question 4

Weber’s Law

Answer 4

difference threshold is a constant fraction of the original stimulus

Question 5

sensory info from a stimulus in the environment during a process

Answer 5

bottom-up processing

Question 6

knowledge and expectancy driving a process

Answer 6

top-down processing

Question 7

what are things that can affect perception

Answer 7

attention, motivation, beliefs, values, prejudices, expectation and life experiences

Question 8

distance from the center line to the top point of the crest or bottom point of the trough

Answer 8

amplitude

Question 9

length of a wave from one peak to the next

Answer 9

wavelength

Question 10

of waves that pass a given point in a given time period

Answer 10

frequency

Question 11

2 types of photoreceptor cells

Answer 11

cones and rods

Question 12

theory believed in which all colors in spectrum can be produced by combining red, green, or blue

Answer 12

trichromatic theory of color vision

Question 13

theory believed in which color is coded in pairs: black-white, yellow-blue, green-red

Answer 13

opponent-process theory

Question 14

3 parts of the auditory system

Answer 14

outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear

Question 15

parts of the outer ear

Answer 15

pinna, auditory canal, tympanic membrane

Question 16

parts of the middle ear

Answer 16

malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)

Question 17

parts of the inner ear

Answer 17

semi-circular canals, cochlea

Question 18

disease where there is degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and increased pressure of inner ear

Answer 18

Ménière’s Disease

Question 19

chemical senses

Answer 19

taste, smell

Question 20

touch receptor responsible for pressure and lower freq. vibrations

Answer 20

Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 21

touch receptor responsible for transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations

Answer 21

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 22

touch receptor responsible for light pressure

Answer 22

Merkel’s discs

Question 23

touch receptor responsible for stretch

Answer 23

Ruffini corpuscles

Question 24

type of pain that signals some type of tissue damage

Answer 24

inflammatory pain

Question 25

type of pain that results from damage to neurons of either the PNS or CNS

Answer 25

neuropathic pain

Question 26

area of psychology focusing on how the brain creates a perception that is more than simply the sum of available sensory inputs and it does so in predictable ways

Answer 26

Gestalt Psych

Question 27

gestalt principle: we tend to segment our visual world into figure and ground

Answer 27

figure-ground relationship

Question 28

gestalt principle: asserts things that are close to one another to be grouped together

Answer 28

proximity

Question 29

gestalt principle: things that are alike tend to be grouped together

Answer 29

similarity

Question 30

gestalt principle: likely to perceive things that are continuous, smooth flowing lines

Answer 30

law of continuity

Question 31

gestalt principle: organizing perceptions into complete objects rather than several parts

Answer 31

principle of closure