Ch 4: States of Consciousness

Question 1

describes our awareness of internal and external stimuli

Answer 1

consciousness

Question 2

pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, awareness of thoughts

Answer 2

internal stimuli

Question 3

sight, feeling, hearing

Answer 3

external stimuli

Question 4

internal rhythms of biological activity

Answer 4

biological rhythms

Question 5

bio rhythm that takes place over a period of about 24 hours

Answer 5

circadian rhythm

Question 6

main center of homeostasis

Answer 6

hypothalamus

Question 7

brain’s clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus

Answer 7

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Question 8

difference in circadian patterns of activity

Answer 8

chronotype

Question 9

consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep for at least 3 nights a week over a month

Answer 9

insomnia

Question 10

not getting sufficient sleep on a chronic basis

Answer 10

sleep debt

Question 11

study that combines the results of many related studies

Answer 11

meta-analysis

Question 12

sleep-deprived individual will fall asleep more quickly during subsequent opportunities for sleep

Answer 12

sleep rebound

Question 13

part of brain that is more important for regulating REM sleep

Answer 13

pons

Question 14

hormones that are associated with sleep

Answer 14

melatonin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), lutenizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone

Question 15

discipline that studies the universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time as a result of natural selection

Answer 15

evolutionary psych

Question 16

2 general stages of sleep

Answer 16

REM and NREM

Question 17

4 stages of NREM sleep

Answer 17

Stage 1-3 + REM sleep

Question 18

what kind of brain waves are associated with stage 1 sleep

Answer 18

mostly alpha waves and towards of stage 1 is theta waves

Question 19

type of brain wave in which it is low frequency, high amplitude

Answer 19

alpha waves

Question 20

type of brain wave in which they are lower frequency and higher amplitude

Answer 20

theta waves

Question 21

transitional sleep phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep, slowing of RR and HR, # of overall muscle tension, and core body temp.

Answer 21

Stage 1

Question 22

sleep phase is which you are in a state of deep relaxation, theta waves are dominant with interruptions of sleep spindles and also have the appearance of K-complexes

Answer 22

Stage 2

Question 23

rapid burst of 4 frequency brain waves that may be important for learning and memory

Answer 23

sleep spindles

Question 24

very high amplitude pattern of brain activity that may in some cases occur in response to environmental stimuli

Answer 24

K-complex

Question 25

stage of sleep in which you are in a deep sleep or slow-wave sleep, HR and RR is slow, and the individual is more difficult to arouse when they are in this stage of sleep

Answer 25

Stage 3

Question 26

what kind of brain waves are associated with Stage 3 of sleep

Answer 26

low frequency delta waves

Question 27

what kind of brain waves are associated with Stage 2 of sleep

Answer 27

theta waves

Question 28

stage of sleep in which dreaming occurs, paralysis of muscle systems w/ the exception of circulation and respiration

Answer 28

REM sleep

Question 29

person who believed dreams were a link to our unconscious

Answer 29

Freud

Question 30

actual content, storyline of a dream

Answer 30

manifest content

Question 31

hidden meaning of a dream

Answer 31

latent content

Question 32

person who believed dreams allowed us to connect into the collective unconscious

Answer 32

Carl Jung

Question 33

theoretical repository of info believed to be shared by everyone

Answer 33

collective unconscious

Question 34

person who believed dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer

Answer 34

Cartwright

Question 35

person credited for developing activation-synthesis theory of dreaming

Answer 35

Alan Hobson

Question 36

dreams in which certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dream state

Answer 36

lucid dreams

Question 37

one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role

Answer 37

parasomnias

Question 38

examples of parasomnias

Answer 38

sleepwalking, restless leg syndrome, night terrors

Question 39

when the muscle paralysis associated w/ the REM sleep phase does NOT occur; associated w/ several degenerative diseases aka Parkinson's disease

Answer 39

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

Question 40

type of sleep apnea in which individuals airway becomes blocked during sleep and air is prevented from entering the lungs

Answer 40

obstructive sleep apnea

Question 41

type of sleep apnea where there are disruptions in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing cause periods of interrupted breathing

Answer 41

central sleep apnea

Question 42

[cocaine, amphetamines, metamphetamines] fall into which type of drug

Answer 42

stimulants

Question 43

effects of stimulants on the body

Answer 43

increased HR, BP and body temp.

Question 44

s/sx body shows when stimulant is taken

Answer 44

increased alertness, mild euphoria, (agitation, paranoia, hallucinations)

Question 45

[alcohol, barbituates, benzodiazepines] fall into which type of drug

Answer 45

selective-hypnotics aka depressants

Question 46

effect of depressants on the body

Answer 46

decreased HR and BP

Question 47

s/sx of body when depressants are taken

Answer 47

relaxation (sleep, memory loss, decreased respiratory function)

Question 48

[opium, heroin, fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, methadone] fall into which drug category

Answer 48

opiates

Question 49

effects of opiates on the body

Answer 49

decreased pain, pupil dilatation,, decreased gut molality, decreased respiratory function

Question 50

s/sx body shows when opiates are taken

Answer 50

pain relief, euphoria, sleepiness (death d/t respiratory depression)

Question 51

[marijuana, LSD, DMT, ketamine, PCP] fall into what type of drug category

Answer 51

hallucinogens

Question 52

effects of hallucinogens on the body

Answer 52

increased HR and BP

Question 53

s/sx body shows when hallucinogens are taken

Answer 53

mild-intense perceptual changes; strain, method of ingestion

Question 54

type of drug that suppresses CNS activity

Answer 54

depressants

Question 55

type of drug that serves as agonists to GABA activity

Answer 55

depressants

Question 56

type of drug that increases overall levels of neural activity

Answer 56

stimulants

Question 57

type of drug that act as agonists to dopamine

Answer 57

stimulants

Question 58

type of stimulant that antagonizes adenosine activity

Answer 58

caffeine

Question 59

type of stimulant that interacts with ACH receptors

Answer 59

nicotine

Question 60

naturally occuring opioids found from poppy plant

Answer 60

opiates

Question 61

synthetic opioid that is less euphorigenic than heroine and similar drugs

Answer 61

methadone

Question 62

opioid w relatively low potency

Answer 62

codeine

Question 63

types of hallucinogens that are serotonin agonists

Answer 63

mescaline and LSD

Question 64

type of hallucinogens that are antagonists of the NMDA glutamate receptor

Answer 64

PCP and ketamine