Chapter 2: Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
This science provides a consistent mean to classify, name, and identify organisms.
Taxonomy
Hierarchical system of classification
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Organizing microorganisms into groups or taxa based on similar morphologic, physiologic, and genetic traits.
Classification of taxonomy
Red fox
Vulpes vulpes
Cyanositta cristata
Bird
Binomial Nomenclature
Carl Linnaeus
The system used to name species–>scientific name
Scientific name of human
Homosapiens
Genus name or generic name
Always begin with capital letter
Species name or specific name
Always begins with small letter
Phylogenetic tree of tree
•Bacteria
•Archae
•Eukarya- humans are here
These three branch from a single point.
Prokaryotic Cells
Ribosome
Chromosome(DNA)
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Capsule
Pili
Flagellum
Nucleoid region
Eukaryotic cells
Animal and plant cell
Comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
- Prokaryotic has no nuclear membrane or nucleoli than eukaryotic
- Prokaryotic: Binary Fission, no meiosis
- Eukaryotic: Mitosis, involves meiosis
Domain Bacteria (Bacterium)
- Diverse single-celled organisms-prokaryotes. -Eubacteria (true bacteria)
A typical bacteria is measured
1 micrometer and 10 times small than animal or plant cell
Meter
Decimeter
Centimeter
Millimeter
Micrometer
Nanometer
10^0 m
10^-1 m
10^-2 m
10^-3 m
10^-6 m
10^-9 m
Thiomargarita namibiensis
World’s largest bacteria (0.5) mm
Classification based on shape and arrangement
Spherical (Cocci)
Rod-shaped (Bacilli)
Spiral-shaped
Spherical (cocci)
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia
Micrococcus luteus causes armpits to stink
Staphylococcus aureus can cause sinus infection
Rod-shaped (Bacilli)
Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax
Salmonella enterica causes Typhoid
Clostridium botulinum causes Botulism
Spiral-shaped
Vibrio cholera causes cholera
Helicobacter pylori cause stomach ulcers
Treponema pallidum causes syphilis
