Chapter 1: Intro to Microbiology Flashcards
Disadvantages and Advantages
- specialized area of biol. that deals with tiny life forms that
are not readily observed without magnification, or are
described as microscopic - study of microorganisms (or microbes), or “germs” (Ln.
“germen” – sprout from, or germinate) or “bugs”
MICROBIOLOGY
-Can cause diseases
-Can lead to foot spoilage
Disadvantages of Microbes
Dairy products, Insecticides, Enzymes, Antibiotic and Antiviral production, bread making, fertility of soil, steroids, alcoholic drinks, vitamin production, sewage treatment, biotechnology and research
Advantages of Microbes
Microorganisms that can contaminate fresh produce
Bacteria, Parasites, and Viruses
Microorganisms that can multiply both inside and outside of a host.
Bacteria
-Protozoa or intestinal worms that can multiply in a host.
-Can survive in the body for a long time without producing any symptoms.
-Usually transmitted through water, and often not killed by chemical sanitizers.
parasites
-Small particles of nucleic acid that only multiply in a host.
-Only a few particles will make someone ill.
-Usually spread by individuals who have not washed their hands before touching produce.
Viruses
Microoragnisms are used by ______ to make ______ and _____.
people, food, medicine
Microorganisms are used in the _________ role in ___________ to ________ ___________
Ecosystems, decomposing, recycle, nutrients
The role of soil
bacteria in the N2 cycle
Nitrogen
transitions between
various biologically
useful forms.
Source: Serratia Bacillus sp.
Applicaton: food, detergent, leather, textile, cosmetic, and paper industries
Lipase and Protease
Source: Xanthomonas Candida Lumicola Pseulomonas Aeruginosa
Applicaton: food, detergent, leather, textile, cosmetic, and paper industries
Protease
Source: Pseudomonas
Applicaton: food, detergent, leather, textile, cosmetic, and paper industries
Lipase
Source: Aeromonas hydrophila Alteromonas haloplanktins
Applicaton: food, detergent, leather, textile, cosmetic, and paper industries
Amylase
Fat-soluble vitamins
Vitamin E and Vitamin K2
-Freshwater microalgae, EUGLENA GRACILLIS
-fermentative production from glucose
Vitamin E
-mutated strain of, BACILLUS SUBTILIS
-fermentation using soybean extract
Vitamin k2
Water-soluble vitamins
-Ascorbic acid (vitamin c)
-Biotin
-Riboflavin
-Vitamin B12
-Cynobacterium sp.
-fermentative process to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid followed by chmeical conversion to L-ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C)
-Fermentation (serratia macrescens)
-Multiply enzyme system (Bacillus spharicus)
Biotin
-Fermentation (Eremothecium ashbyii)
-fermentative production from glucose
Riboflavin
-fementation (Propionibacterium shermanii)
-fermentative production from glucose
Vitamin b12
Pathway of _____– butanol
– ______ fermentation by clostridia.
acetone, ethanol
Antibiotic, Antifungal, Anthelminthic, and Immunosuppressant
Examples of microbial
natural products
relevant for the
pharmaceutical
industry
Pickles, Chocolate, Bread, Coffee, Sauerkraut, Soy sauce
Examples of
foods which uses
fermentation in their
production
Gene cloning involves
using _____ to make
______ copies of a
gene
bacteria, multiple
-treatment of type 1 DIABETES
-E. coli
Insulin
treatment of pituitary dwarfism
Human growth hormone
Vaccination of susceptible personnel
e.g. healthcare workers, drug users, treatment of wounds, burns
Hepatitis B vaccine
treatment of wounds, burns
Epidermal growth factor
Used in synthesis of ovarian cancer drug taxol
Acyltransferase
Antitumour agent
Endostatin
Bacteriology
bacteria
Mycology
fungi
Parasitology
parasitism and parasitic organism
Protozoology
protozoa
Virology
viruses
- occurrence of disease in human population
Epidemiology
- detailed structure of microorganisms
Morphology
- microbial function at the cellular and molecular level
Physiology
- identification, naming, and classification of
microorganisms
Taxonomy
- interrelationships between microbes and the
environment; the roles of microorganism in the nutrient
cycles and natural ecosystems
Microbial Ecology
- function of genetic material and biochemical reactions
that make up a cell’s metabolism
Microbial Genetics, Molecular Biology
