Chapter 2 - Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Flashcards
DNA
prokayrotes: 1 supercoiled chromosome of DNA
eu: multiple chromosomes, supercoiled, wraps around histone proteins
Ribosomes
pro: smaller 70S
eu: 80s
Cell wall
pro: made from peptidoglycan , aka murein
eu: plants - cellulose, chitin in fungi
flagella
pro: thinner, doesn’t have 9+2 arrangement, energy to rotate the filament that forms the flagellum is supplied from the process of chemisosism, not ATP - in eu
prkaryotes do not have _____ ____ ____ but eukaryotes do
membrane bound organelles
prokayotic DNA is ___ eu is ______
circular, linear
extra chromosomal DNA?
PRO: circular DNA called plasmids
EU: only present in some organelles - mitochondria, chloroplasts
both have ?
cell surface membrane
cell type?
p: unicellular, e: uni, multicellular
reproduction?
p: binary fission, e: asexual, sexual
some pro species have?
flagellum
waxy capsule -allows them to stick together, increases chance of survival, protects pro from being detected by other cells
pili - help stick bacteria together
pro: what is a nucleoid?
a region in the cytoplasm containing the main genetic material of the cell
DNA is still a ____ _____ in both pro and eu
double helix
pro: plasmids?
- loops of DNA, smaller than nucleoid
- can be replicated, so passed on in cell /
- can be passed on from one pro cell to another - allows for the transfer of useful genes between bacteria
both have:
- cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes
all pro have cell wall, only some eu do
