Chapter 2 PPT Flashcards by Christian Mae Gardose

when energy is actually doing work

kinetic

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results from the movement of charged particles - ions

electrical energy

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building blocks of elements

atoms

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have the same number of protons and electrons so same atomic number

isotopes

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vary in number of neutrons so different atomic masses

isotopes

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process of spontaneous atomic decay

radioactivity

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what are the particles release by radioactivity

alpha, beta and gamma rays

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two or more atoms combined chemically

molecule

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two or more DIFFERENT atoms combined chemically

compound

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negatively charged ions

anions

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positively charged ions

cations

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form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

ionic bonds

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can either donate or accept electrons

ions

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atoms become stable through shared electrons

covalent bonds

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share one electron pair

single covalent bonds

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share two electron pairs

double covalent bonds

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can be found outside?

valent

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hydrogen is attracted to negative portion of polar molecule

hydrogen bonds

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provide attraction between molecules

hydrogen molecule

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carries a positive and negative region

polar

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synthesis reaction

A+B —-> AB

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atoms or molecules are combined

synthesis reaction

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anabolic reaction

synthesis reaction

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reaction that absorbs or consume energy

anabolic

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building blocks of protein

amino acids

proteins participate in?

muscular hyperthrophy or paglaki ng muscles

AB---> A+B

decomposition reaction

catabolic

decomposition

process that produces energy

catabolic

involves both synthesis and decomposition reactions

exchange reaction

have carbon

organic compounds

do not have / lack carbon

inorganic compounds

absorbs pressure to lessen the damage

cerebro spinal fluid

able to dissolve many substances if they are polar

good solvent

water molecules adhere to one another across surface

surface tension

water will rise up in a tube due to cohesion and adhesion

capillarity

include electrolytes which conduct electrical currents

salt

important inorganic compounds

water, salt, acid, baes and pH

easily dissociate into ions in the presence of water

salt

the more hydrogen ions it contains

the more acidic the substance

taste sour

acids

below 7

acid

MARAMING HYDROXIDE IONS

BASES

neutralized the acid in vaginal canal to make the sperm cell survive

semen being a base

Power of Hydrogen

measures relative concentration of hydrogen ions

most are covalently bonded

organic compound

C6H1206

GLUCOSE

1:2:1 ratio

carbohydrates

include sugars and starches also classified according to size

carbohydrates

simple sugars and in linear or ring forms

monosaccharides

examples of monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, ribose, galactose and deoxyribose

highly toxic and cancerous form of artificial sugar found in coffees

saccharin

monosodium glutamate (bechin)

cause malignansy nakikita sa mga titsarya

disaccharide

two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis

decomposed by hydrolysis

breaking of bonds by adding water back in

glucose + fructose

sucrose

glucose +glucose

maltose

glucose + galactose

lactose

dehydration synthesis

removal of water to form bond

long branching chains of linked sugars

polysaccharide

plant polysaccharides (cellulose is indigestible)

starch and cellulose

animal polysaccharide

glycogen

what kind of sugar does the brain only use

glucose

lipids

fats

insoluble in water, non-polar, but some have polar heads

lipids

healthy fats

poly unsaturated fatty acids

animal fats

saturated fatty acids

healthy or plant fats

poly unsaturated fatty acids

all single bonds, solids at room temperature, animal fats, pile-up on sides of vesseld

saturated

some are double bonds, liquids at room temperature and plant fats

unsaturated

all single bonds, solids at room temperature, animal fats, pile-up on sides of vessels

saturated

neutral fats

triglycerides

composed of three fatty acids

triglycerides

phospholipids are composed of 2 fatty acids

glycerol and phosphate head

form cell membranes

phospholipid

steroids

cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D and some hormones

bile salts

metabolic products on the composition ng lipids inside an animal being

3 interlocking 6-c rings, a 5-ring and a fatty acid chain

steroids

cholesterol esther

steroids

form peptide bonds through dehydration synthesis

proteins

CHO lagyan ng nitrogen minsan sulfure

protein

made up of amino acids

protein