Chapter 2 Chemical

Question 1

scientific discipline concerned with the atomic composition and structure of substances and the reaction they undergo

Answer 1

chemistry

Question 2

all living and non-living things are composed of what?

Answer 2

matter

Question 3

anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 3

matter

Question 4

amount of matter in an object

Answer 4

mass

Question 5

the gravitational force acting on an object of a given mass

Answer 5

weight

Question 6

the simplest type of matter having unique chemical properties

Answer 6

element

Question 7

elements that weigh 96% of body weight

Answer 7

1. oxygen
2. carbon
3. hydrogen
4. nitrogen

Question 8

element essential neuronal activity

Answer 8

sodium ion

Question 9

smallest particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element

Answer 9

atom

Question 10

do not have an electric charge

Answer 10

neutron

Question 11

positive charge

Answer 11

proton

Question 12

negative charge

Answer 12

electron

Question 13

the positive charge of a proton is equal in magnitude to the?

Answer 13

negative charge of an electron

Question 14

what did electrons and neutrons form?

Answer 14

nucleus

Question 15

center of the atom?

Answer 15

nucleus

Question 16

where electrons move around?

Answer 16

nucleus

Question 17

nucleus

Answer 17

99.97% of an atoms mass, but only ten trillionth of its volume

Question 18

region where electrons are most likely to be found can be represented by

Answer 18

electron cloud

Question 19

number of protons and electron in each atom

Answer 19

atomic number

Question 20

what two charges have equal mass

Answer 20

protons and neutrons

Question 21

have very little mass

Answer 21

electron

Question 22

how to compute the mass number of an element

Answer 22

add the number of protons and and neutrons

eg. the mass number for carbon is 12 bcoz it has 6 proton and 6 neutrons

Question 23

the energy levels often drawn as concentric rings around the nucleus called?

Answer 23

electron shell

Question 24

interaction between atoms to form molecules by either sharing or transferring their outermost electrons

Answer 24

chemical bonds

Question 25

there is a maximum number of electrons that each shell can hold.

Answer 25

outer shells do not contain electrons until the inner shells have reached their maximum

Question 26

what do you call the shell closest to the nucleus

Answer 26

innermost shell

Question 27

the innermost shell can hold a maximum of how many electrons?

Answer 27

2 electrons

Question 28

the remaining shell can hold electrons is the maximum number of?

Answer 28

8 electrons

Question 29

what do you call the outermost shell?

Answer 29

valence shell

Question 30

if an atom’s valence shell is not at its maximum, it will form bonds with other atoms to achieve a full valence shell called?

Answer 30

octet rule

Question 31

the tendency of atoms to combine with other atoms until each has 8 electrons in its valence shell

Answer 31

octet rule

Question 32

the ways the octet rule can be achieved?

Answer 32

1. transferring electrons between atoms

2. sharing electrons between atoms

Question 33

the ability of the atoms nucleus to pull electrons toward it

Answer 33

electronegativity

Question 34

the ability to do work

Answer 34

energy

Question 35

when energy is actually doing work

Answer 35

kinetic energy

Question 36

when the energy is stored or inactive

Answer 36

potential energy