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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

study of the human body’s organ system

A

Systematic Anatomy

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2
Q

study of the human body taken from the perspective of different body regions

A

Regional Anatomy

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3
Q

study of surface markings of the body

A

Surface Anatomy

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4
Q

structures inside of organs and organ systems that can be seen with the naked eyes

A

Gross Anatomy

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5
Q

structures of the human body that requires a microscope for observation

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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6
Q

studies the brain and nervous system

A

Neurophysiology

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7
Q

study of heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular Physiology

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8
Q

decreases blood glucose

A

Insulin

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9
Q

converts glycogen to glucose

A

glucagon

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10
Q

produces estrogen and progesterone

A

ovary

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11
Q

converts glucose to glycogen

A

insulin

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12
Q

secretes sex hormone androgen and testosterone

A

testes

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13
Q

releases endocrine gland also known the master gland

A

Pituitary gland

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14
Q

secretes melatonin

A

pineal gland

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15
Q

controls sleep and wake cycle

A

melatonin

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16
Q

hormone producing organ below the neck that produces thyroxine and calcitonin

A

thyroid gland

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17
Q

regulates growth and development

A

thyroxine

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18
Q

releases calcium for the bones

A

calcitonin

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19
Q

secretes parathormone

A

parathyroid glands

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20
Q

regulates how the body uses calcium

A

parathormone

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21
Q

fights infection for puberty referred to as humoral factors

A

thymus

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22
Q

secretes adrenalin

A

adrenal gland

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23
Q

emergency hormone

A

adrenalin

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24
Q

provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, produce Vitamin D

A

Integumentary Gland

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25
Q

the scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body.

A

anatomy

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26
Q

involves the use of x-ray, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures

A

anatomical imaging

27
Q

the scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things.

A

physiology

28
Q

subdivisions that emphasizes specific organizational levels

A

systematic physiology and cellular physiology

29
Q

STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY

A
  1. chemical level
  2. cell level
  3. tissue level
  4. organ level
  5. organ system level
  6. organismal level
30
Q

the level of organization that involves how atoms, such as hydrogen and carbon, interact and combine into molecules

A

chemical level

31
Q

basic structural and functional units or organisms, such as humans and animals

A

cell

32
Q

what are combine to form organelles that make up some cels

A

molecules

33
Q

molecule cells use for a source of energy

A

adenosine triphosphate or ATP

34
Q

little organs

A

organelles

35
Q

organization level that group of similar cells and the material sorrounding them

A

tissue level

36
Q

tissue that covers body surfaces, lines, hollow organs, cavities and forms glands

A

epithelial tissue

37
Q

tissue that connects, supports and protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissues

A

connective tissue

38
Q

tissue that contracts to make body parts to move and generate

A

muscular tissue

39
Q

tissue that carries information from one part of the body to another through nerve impulses

A

nervous tissue

40
Q

FOUR BASIC TYPES OF TISSUE

A
  1. epithelial tissue
  2. connective tissue
  3. muscular tissue
  4. nervous tissue
41
Q

BASIC LIFE PROCESSES

A
  1. metabolism
  2. responsiveness
  3. movement
  4. growth
  5. differentiation
  6. reproduction
42
Q

the normal range the body tries to stay within

A

set point

43
Q

different tissues combined to form organs

A

organ level

44
Q

when organs group to form a system

A

organ system level

45
Q

any living thing considered as a whole, whether composed of one cell, such as bacterium, or of trillion cell

A

organism

46
Q

complex of organ systems that are mutually dependent upon one another

A

human organism

47
Q

ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as growth movement and reproduction.
eg. humans obtain energy from food

A

metabolism

48
Q

ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make adjustments that help maintain its life
eg. if temperature increases in a hot environment, sweat glands produce sweat, which can lower body temperature down to normal level

A

responsiveness

49
Q

refers to the increase in the size of all or part of the organism

A

growth

50
Q

includes the changes an organism undergoes through time

begins when the egg is fertilized by the sperm and ends in death

A

development

51
Q

change in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized

A

differentiation

52
Q

formation of new cells or new organism

A

reproduction

53
Q

existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body despite fluctuations in either the external or internal environment

A

homeostasis

54
Q

what do you call the process when our body sweat, shiver

A

homeostasis mechanism

55
Q

systems that provides protection

A

integumentary and skeletal system

56
Q

transports nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones throughout the body

A

cardiovascular system

57
Q

feedback which means “to decrease”

A

negative feedback

58
Q

when any deviation from the setpoint is made smaller or resisted; does not prevent variation but maintains variation within setpoint.

A

negative feedback

59
Q

monitors the value of a variable, such as body temperature, by detecting stimuli

A

receptor

60
Q

occur when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response

A

positive feedback

61
Q

compares the value of the variable against the set point

A

control center

62
Q

information about the value of the variable is sent here

A

control center

63
Q

produces a response that maintains homeostasis

A

effector

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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