Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Chapter 2 Plasma > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Plasma Flashcards

1
Q

What is Plasma?

A

It is a yellow clear fluid that contains a large number of ions, inorganic and organic materials that are transported to various parts of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Plasma volume?

A

3000-3500 ml.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

A

When blood is left in a glass tube, a clot is formed and the remaining fluid is serum. Serum is Plasma minus the elements left in the clot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the constituents of plasma?

A
  1. Water
  2. Inorganic substances
  3. Organic materials
  4. Gases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Water

A

Constitutes of 90% of plasma volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the chief anion in inorganic substances?

A

Chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is cation of inorganic materials?

A

Sodium (Na+).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the other anions left in inorganic materials?

A

Other anions are small amounts of phosphates and sulfates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Organic materials are divided into:

A

Plasma proteins and plasma lipids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the chief plasma lipids in organic materials?

A
  1. Phospholipids
  2. Fatty acids
  3. Triglycerides
  4. Cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are Lipoproteins?

A

Chief plasma lipids are carried in the blood in combination with plasma proteins forming complexes called Lipoproteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How much plasma is found in the make up of blood?

A

About 55%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the constituents of plasma in the make up of blood?

A

A. Proteins (7%)
1. Albumin (55%) maintains volume.
2. Globulins (38%) including immunoglobulins or antibodies.
3. Fibrinogen (7%) a clotting factor.
B. Water (91.5%)
C. Other substances (1.5%)
1. Electrolytes
2. Nutrients
3. Hormones
4. Vitamins etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How much platelets and white blood cells are found in the make up of blood?

A

Less than 1%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the constituents of the platelets and white blood cells in the make up of blood?

A
  1. White blood cells: part of the body’s defense against disease.
  2. Platelets: plays a vital role in blood clotting.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How much red blood cells are present in the make up of blood?

A

45%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

A

Primary function is transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissue and carbon dioxide from the tissue back to the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Albumin

A

Maintains volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Globulins

A

Including immunoglobulins or antibodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fibrinogen

A

A clotting factor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

White blood cells

A

Part of the defense against disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Platelets

A

Plays a vital role in blood clotting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the plasma proteins concentration?

A

7.2-7.4 gm/dl.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does plasma proteins consist of?

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Fibrinogen
  3. Globulins subdivided into alpha a1 and a2, beta B1 and B2, and gamma globulins.
  4. Prothrombin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Albumin concentration

A

3.5-5.0 g/dl.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Globulin Concentration

A

2.5 g/dl.

27
Q

Fibrinogen Concentration

A

0.4 g/dl.

28
Q

Prothrombin concentration

A

0.01 g/dl.

29
Q

Albumin molecular weight

A

69000

30
Q

Globulin molecular weight

A

90000-156000.

31
Q

Fibrinogen molecular weight

A

340000.

32
Q

Prothrombin molecular weight

A

68000.

33
Q

Where is the site of plasma proteins?

A

The liver is the main site of plasma protein synthesis. Albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, and 50% of globulins are formed in the liver.
Gamma globulins are formed in the plasma cells in the lymphoid tissue.

34
Q

What is the Albumin-Globulin Ratio?

A

It is the ratio between albumin and globulin’s concentration in plasma.

35
Q

What is a normal value Albumin-Globulin ratio?

A

It ranges between 1.2-1.6.

36
Q

When does the albumin-globulin ratio decrease?

A
  1. Liver diseases
  2. Renal diseases
  3. Infections
37
Q

Liver diseases

A

When the liver is unable to produce sufficient albumin. Eg. Liver cirrhosis and hepatitis.

38
Q

Renal diseases

A

Albumin is lost in urine due to its relatively small molecular size.

39
Q

Infections

A

Increase of formation of immunoglobulins.

40
Q

What are the main functions of Plasma Proteins?

A
  1. Osmotic function.
  2. Buffer function.
  3. Defensive function.
  4. Blood clotting.
  5. Blood viscosity.
  6. Capillary function.
  7. Transport and conservation of important elements.
  8. Use of plasma proteins as a source of amino acids for tissues.
41
Q

What is the total osmotic pressure of plasma?

A

290 mmol/L which is equal to 5000 mmHg.

42
Q

Who is responsible for most of the osmotic pressure?

A

Crystalloids (Na+ Cl- HCO3-).

43
Q

How much pressure are plasma proteins responsible for?

A

Plasma proteins, mainly albumin, are responsible for only 25-28 mmHg.

44
Q

Who is the main plasma protein responsible for colloidal osmotic pressure and why?

A

Albumin, because it has the highest concentration.

45
Q

Why is the plasma proteins’ contribution to the osmotic pressure the most effective although their contribution to the total osmotic pressure is very little?

A

It is due to the fact that the capillary membrane is almost impermeable to protein due to its big molecular weight. Thus, plasma proteins are kept inside the plasma and can exert an osmotic effect to draw tissue fluid to blood.

46
Q

Which of the following is the most effective in its contribution to the total osmotic pressure?

A

Plasma proteins.

47
Q

Osmotic function of plasma proteins.

A

Albumin does not readily move through normal capillary pores, while water and smaller biological structures move freely. Sodium is highly attracted to albumin, and together, they help maintain COP by attracting water into intravascular space.

48
Q

How much of the buffering power of the blood are proteins responsible for?

A

15%.

49
Q

What is the normal plasma PH?

A

7.4 alkaline,

50
Q

What happens at normal plasma PH?

A

Plasma proteins are negatively charged and act as anions (weak acids) which combine with bases such as Na+ forming the buffer system proteinic acid Na proteinate.

51
Q

Negative charged plasma proteins + Na+ =

A

Proteinic acid Na Proteinate.

52
Q

What is the function of gamma globulins?

A

They are responsible for defending the body against microorganisms and their toxins (humoral immunity).

53
Q

What is essential for the coagulation of blood?

A

Fibrinogen and prothrombin.

54
Q

What is the function of fibrinogen and prothrombin in blood clotting?

A

They are responsible for the coagulation of blood.

55
Q

Who is responsible for the viscosity of the blood?

A

RBC’s and plasma proteins.

56
Q

When does the viscosity of the blood increase and when does it decrease?

A

The viscosity of blood increases in polycythemia (increase in the number of RBC’s) and decreases in anemia (RBC’ decrease).

57
Q

Blood is how many times as viscous as water?

A

3 times.

58
Q

Plasma is how many times as viscous as water?

A

1.5 times.

59
Q

Why does fibrinogen contribute more to the viscosity of the blood?

A

Because of its elongated shape.

60
Q

Why is viscosity important?

A

It is important for the maintenance of normal atrial blood pressure.

61
Q

How do plasma proteins help in capillary function?

A

Plasma proteins are essential for the maintenance of normal capillary permeability. The pores in capillary walls are closed by plasma proteins which limits their permeability.

62
Q

How do plasma proteins help in transportation?

A

Plasma proteins such as albumin, globulin a and B, act as carriers for important substances in blood such as hormones.

63
Q

How does the binding of the important substances to plasma proteins help them?

A

Plasma proteins prevents rapid loss in urine and provides a reservoirs that can be used when needed.

64
Q

How do plasma proteins be a source of amino acids for tissues?

A

Plasma proteins act as a source for rapid replacement of tissue proteins in cases of tissue protein depletion.

Physiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions