Chapter 2: Personality Flashcards
Personality
variety of consistent characteristics that distinguish individuals
3 things personality is made up of
- psychological core: identity, attitudes, values, beliefs, self worth
- typical responses: consistent behavioural responses to situations
- role related behaviour: enactment of norm or expected social roles
2 things to consider when measuring personality
- trait: typical style of behaving
2. state: how situation affects behaviour
Personality measures (such as Athletic Coping Skills Inventory) can be categorized into 1/3 categories. What are they?
- General psychological make-up
- Sport specific: general to sport and competition
- Sport specific: specific to sport itself
- use sport specific where possible, multivariate approach effective
Name 3 methods of measuring personality.
- Rating scales: checklist with interview and/or observations
- Projective test: reveal inner feelings/motives via indirect responses and interpretation (difficult to score)
- Structured questionnaires: pencil and paper (Sport Anxiety Scale, Athletic Coping Skills Inventory)
Has literature on personality-performance relationship been consistent?
No.
Generally speaking, what are the characteristics of an athletic personality?
self confident, competitive, extroverted
Different sports classifications. Give an example for each.
- coactive: play at same time (swimming race)
- individual: in isolation (gymnastics)
- interactive: direct involvement with others (hockey)
- open skills: envir. changes, adapt movements (sailing, hockey)
- closed skills: stable envir., set pattern (golf, skiiing)
- individual or team
- direct: play in opposition to score (tennis singles)
- parallel: play with team to score (hockey)
Name the 3 sport types and the personality associated.
- Team sport: extroverted, dependent, less ego, less open to new experiences
- Direct sport: more indp. than parallel
- Risky sport: extroverted, open to experiences
Name the 3 hypotheses describing personality diffs. btwn groups.
- Gravitational/Selection Hypothesis: indivs. drawn to sports best suited to their psych. make-up
- Attrition Hypothesis: certain attributes sought during selection - personalities more similar as skills increase
- Learning/Developmental Hypothesis: sport as catalyst for dev. of attitudes and personality
What are the variables that come between PERSONALITY and BEHAVIOUR/PERFORMANCE?
- emotions
- expectations
- goals/values
- confidence, competency, self-regulation
Name 5 theories of personality.
- Psychodynamic: personality based on unconscious (thoughts, feelings…)
- Humanistic: focus on growth potential - high as long as in supportive envir.
- Trait: describes traits as enduring over time - thus emphasis is on role of traits in predicting behav.
- Social Learning: behavs. learned thru process of conditioning (observing and modeling behavs.) and seeing that particular behavs. are reinforced
- Interactional (Person x Situation): influence of factors within person and within situation on behav.
What’s the most commonly used model within trait theory?
5 factor (Big 5) theory: personality made up of 5 basic trait: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism
2 traits linked to enhanced athletic performance.
- Perfectionism: tendency to set and work toward very high personal standards
- Mental Toughness: measure consisting 4 characteristics - perseverance, resilience, hope and optimism - influence how ppl approach challenging situations
Profile of mood states (POMS)
assesses 6 mood states: tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue and confusion
