Chapter 1: Introduction and Research Methods Flashcards
Difference between PLAY and GAMES.
PLAY: physical or mental activity purely for enjoyment / amusement
GAMES: activity with agreed on time, space, terrain and rules
Sport and exercise psychology
Scientific study of people and their behaviours in sport and exercise + practical application of this knowledge.
What does sport and exercise psych strive to understand? (3 points)
- how psych affect exercise and sport behaviour and/or performance
- how participation in exercise and sport affect psych health
- apply knowledge to assist people in reaching peak performance, satisfaction and physical and psych health
What are the 4 types of sport psychologists?
- Clinical/Counselling Sport Psychologist
psych disorders, assessment/therapy, i.e. anxiety, substance abuse - Educational Sport Psychologist
psych skills training (PST), “mental coach”, i.e. self-talk behaviours, confidence development - Researching/Teaching Sport Psychologist
theory development, advancing and sharing knowledge in the field - Exercise Psychologist
exercise adoption and maintenance
What are the 3 perspectives of sport and exercise psych?
- Psycho-Physiological Orientation
examine physiological processes of brain & body and their influences on physical activity, i.e. train shot accuracy via biofeedback - Cognitive-Behavioural Orientation
examine thought process in determining behaviour, i.e. how words can motivate - Social-Psychological Orientation
examine relationship of social environment to behaviour, i.e. being watched can hinder performance
What are the 2 ways of gaining knowledge in sport psych? Which way is the best?
- Research
- Professional Practical Knowledge
Best way: both - integrate both research with experience, theory with application
What are the 6 ethics of sport psych?
1. Competence know the limits 2. Consent and Confidentiality 3. Integrity be fair, avoid conflicts of interest 4. Personal Conduct i.e. no discrimination 5. Research Ethics, Scientific Responsibility how studies are conducted 6. Social Responsibility obey the law, contribute to social health
1st example of sport psych research? Who’s considered the father of sport psych?
1st example of research = 1897: social psychologist Norman Triplett notes cyclists faster when racing with others
Father of sport psych = Coleman Griffith
What are the formative years and how were they formative?
1950-80: focus changes from issues of exercise physiology and motor learning to how psych factors influence skills and performance, becomes more applied
List pros and cons of gaining sport psych knowledge thru RESEARCH.
Pros: - reliable - systematic, controlled - objective unbiased Cons: - constrained by each method - slow to evolve - external validity, practicality
List pros and cons of gaining sport psych knowledge thru PROFESSIONAL PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE.
Pros: - holistic (taking mental & social factors into account) - innovative - immediate Cons: - biased - unreliable
What are the 3 research methods?
- Descriptive: describe association btwn 2 or more variables
- Qualitative: does not use quantifiable numbers or stat procedures to reach conclusions
- Experimental: manipulate IV and measure its effect on DV and use random assignment to divide people into conditions
Name 1 type of descriptive method.
Surveys/interviews
Name 5 types of qualitative methods.
- Naturalistic observation: behaviour in everyday settings observed and measured
- Case studies: small number examined to determine causes of behaviour and predict others’ behaviour
- Focus groups: small group asked about thoughts, beliefs and attitudes
- Archival research: uses already recorded behaviour
- Meta-analysis: combines data collected by diff. researchers
Name an alternative type of experimental method.
Quasi-experiment: same but does not use random assignment
