Chapter 2 Part 2

Question 1

Water as a solvent

Answer 1

Versatile solvent, breaks apart polar bonds of other molecules easily due to its own polar nature
Particles containing polar covalent bonds are hydrophilic and dissolve easily in water
Particles containing non-polar covalent bonds are hydrophobic and do not dissolve in water easily

Question 2

Hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis reaction

Answer 2

Hydrolysis breaks down larger molecules by adding water

Dehydration synthesis joins smaller molecules together into larger molecules by removing water

Question 3

Thermal properties of water

Answer 3

High heat capacity-can absorb/release large amounts of energy with little temperature change due to hydrogen bonds requiring lots of energy
Helps maintain homeostatic temperature

Question 4

Properties of water

Answer 4

Polar Solvent in which many chemical reactions in the body occur
High heat capacity to maintain homeostasis
Used as a lubricant

Question 5

Mixture

Answer 5

Elements or compounds blended together but not joint by chemical bonds

Question 6

Colloid

Answer 6

Solution with large particles that can scatter light appearing translucent, ex-milk

Question 7

Suspension

Answer 7

Solutes in solution settle to bottom eventually instead of staying mixed in solvent

Question 8

Concentration

Answer 8

How much solute there is in a solution
Measured by mass per volume percentage
Or mol/litre
Mole is amount of substance in grams to the sum of he atomic mass of all its atoms
Ex- atomic mass of chlorine is 35.45 therefore a mole of chlorine is 35.45 grams

Question 9

Acid

Answer 9

Dissociate into H+ (hydrogen ions)

Proton donor

Question 10

Base

Answer 10

Solution that dissociates into OH- (hydroxide ion)

Proton acceptor

Question 11

Salt properties

Answer 11

Dissolves into cations and anions that are not acids or bases, carries electrical currents throughout body and provide elements in intracellular and extracellular fluids.
Formed by acids and bases reacting to form salt and water

Question 12

pH scale and acids and bases

Answer 12

pH scale is a scale from 0-14 expressing how acidic or basic a solution is
Based on concentration of H+ molecules
Below 7=acidic solution
Above 7=alkaline or basic solution
6 has 10x more H+ ions than 7
5 has 10x less H+ ions than 6

Question 13

Buffer systems

Answer 13

Buffer systems turn strong acids and bases into weaker acids and bases to maintain pH

Question 14

Carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system

Answer 14

Weak acid and base can compensate for either an acid or base

Question 15

acidosis and alkalosis

Answer 15

acidosis-increased acidity->body produces base to balance out acid
ex-respiratory acidosis causing liver pain

alkalosis-increased base->body produces acid to balance out
ex-can cause cramps causing weakness in body