Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAPHY > CHAPTER 2 (PART 2) > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 (PART 2) Flashcards

1
Q

basic living, structural and functional unit of the body

A

cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

study of cell structure and cell physiology

A

cytology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

disc shaped cell

A

Red blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

threadlike extension cell

A

nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

toothpicks shaped cell

A

smooth muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cubelike cells

A

epithelial cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

forms the cell’s outer boundary

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

separates the cell from the environment

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

selective barrier that surrounds and contain cytoplasm of the cell

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

determines the kinds and amount of substances passing into and out of the cell

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

acts as gatekeepers to certain molecules and ions

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

acts as barrier to certain substances

A

lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

made up of phospholipids, cholesterol and glycolipids

A

lipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

polar heads are __

A

hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fatty acid and tails of phospholipids are ___

A

hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

aka transmembrane proteins

A

integral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

attached to the inner or outer surface of the membrane but do not extend through it

A

peripheral protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

helps the cell recognize each other, adhere to one another and be protected from digested by enzymes

A

glycocalyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

membrane proteins with carbohydrate group attached that protrudes into the extracellular fluid

A

glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

serves to stabilize the membrane and reduce membrane fluidity

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sugary coating surrounding the membrane made up of carbohydrate

A

glycocalyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lipid composition of the cell membrane

A

membrane fluidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

combined concentration and electrical gradient are called the

A

electrochemical gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

difference in concentration of a chemical between one side of the plasma membrane

A

concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

electrical gradient is aka

A

membrane potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

difference between inside and outside of cell

A

electrical gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

intracellular fluid that contains inclusions and dissolved solutes

A

cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

organized units of living substances in cell having specific functions in the cell

A

organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

lifeless accumulation of metabolites or cell products such as stored protein CHON

A

Inclusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

site of many chemical reactions that provide the building blocks for cell maintenance, structure, function and growth

A

cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

network of protein filaments throughout cytosol

A

cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

composed of actin and function in movement and mechanical support

A

microfilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

composed of several different proteins and functions in support and to help anchor organelles such as nucleus

A

intermediate filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

composed of protein called tubulin and help determine cell shape and function in the intracellular transport of organelles and the migration of chromosome during cell division

A

microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

network membrane in the shapes of flattened sacs or tubules

A

endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

connected to the nuclear envelope, a series of flattened sacs, surface is studded with granular ribosomes and produces various proteins

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

network of membrane tubules, does not have ribosomes, synthesizes fatty acid and steroids, detoxifies certain drugs, produces lipids

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

powerhouse of the cell

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

mitochondrial membrane that has narrow folds of the inner membrane and use to increase the efficiency of the organelle in generating energy

A

cristae

41
Q

mitochondrial membrane that is smooth, outer part and a large fluid like cavity

A

matrix

42
Q

site of ATP production in the cell by catabolism of nutrient molecules

A

mitochondria

43
Q

vesicles from the golgi complex that contains powerful digestive enzymes

A

lysosomes

44
Q

smaller than lysosomes, detoxify several toxic substances such as alcohol and is abundant in liver

A

peroxisomes

45
Q

continuously destroy unneeded, damaged or faulty proteins found in the cytosol and in the nucleus

A

proteosomes

46
Q

this structure is a specialized portion of endoplasmic reticulum and includes an array of parallel membranes and vesicles w/o ribosomes

A

Golgi apparatus

47
Q

discovered golgi apparatus in 1898

A

Camilo golgi

48
Q

site of accumulation and concentration of secretory products of cell synthesis

A

golgi apparatus

49
Q

modifies, sorts and package proteins for transport to different destinations

A

golgi complex

50
Q

dense aggregations of RNA and proteins usually attached in ER

A

ribosomes

51
Q

located near the nucleus, consists of two centrioles and pericentriolar material

A

centrosome

52
Q

numerous hair-like structure extended from the surface of a cell and functioning to move the materials across surface of the cell

A

cilia

53
Q

longer than cilia, used to move an entire cell; sperm

A

flagella

54
Q

serves as center for organizing microtubules in the interphase cells and mitotic spindle during cell division

A

centrioles

55
Q

special zone of cytoplasm containing centrioles

A

centrosome

56
Q

control center of the cell

A

nucleus

57
Q

contains chromosomes. each of which consist of single molecule of DNA and associated proteins

A

nucleus

58
Q

genetic material; blueprint that contains all the instructions needed for building the body

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

59
Q

controls both biochemical reaction that occurs in the cell and the reproduction of the cell

A

nucleus

60
Q

membrane that is composed of 2 layers with a small space between them

A

nuclear membrane

61
Q

jelly-like fluid that is enclosed by the nuclear membrane; it is where the nucleoli and chromatin are suspended

A

nucleoplasma

62
Q

potential avenues of exchange between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm

A

pores

63
Q

peacemaker of the cell; site where rRNA is synthesized and ribosome sub units are assembled

A

nucleolus

64
Q

consists of segment of a large DNA molecule; units of heredity

A

Gene

65
Q

double membrane that separates the nucleus from cytoplasm

A

nuclear envelope

66
Q

long molecules of DNA combined with protein molecules (histones)

A

chromosomes

67
Q

a complex of macromolecules composed of DNA, RNA and protein

A

Chromatin

68
Q

primary protein components of chromatin that help to organize DNA into beadlike structures called nucleosomes by providing a base of which DNA can be wrapped around

A

Histones

69
Q

involves transcription and translations; determines physical and chemical characteristics of the cell

A

protein synthesis

70
Q

process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto a strand of RNA

A

transcription

71
Q

process of reading the mRNA nucleotide sequence to determine the amino acid sequence of the protein

A

translation

72
Q

process by which cells reproduce themselves.

A

cell division

73
Q

cell division that results in the production of sperm and eggs is called

A

reproductive cell division

74
Q

two chromosomes that make up each pair in cell division

A

homologous chromosomes (homologs)

75
Q

cell cycle is an orderly sequence of events in which a body cell duplicates its contents and divides into two

A

somatic cell division

76
Q

somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes are called

A

diploid cells

77
Q

cell is not dividing, and cell replicates its DNA

A

interphase

78
Q

cytoplasmic division

A

cytokinesis

79
Q

nuclear division

A

mitosis

80
Q

distribution of two sets of chromosomes, one set into each of two separate nuclei

A

mitosis

81
Q

chromatin fibers condenses and shortens, change into chromosomes

A

prophase

82
Q

the centromeres line up at the exact center of the mitotic spindle, a region called the metaphase plate or equatorial plane

A

metaphase

83
Q

chromatid pairs split at the centromere and move to opposite poles of cell; the chromatids are now called chromosomes

A

anaphase

84
Q

two identical nuclei are formed around the identical sets of chromosomes at opposite poles of the cell uncoil and revert to their threadlike chromatin form, new nucleoli appears, and the mitotic spindle eventually breaks up

A

telophase

85
Q

reproductive cell division that occurs in the gonads that produces gametes with half the number of the chromosomes

A

meiosis

86
Q

gametes contains a single set of 23 chromosomes

A

haploid cells

87
Q

average adult has nearly __ cells

A

100 trillion

88
Q

there are about __ different types of cells

A

200

89
Q

permits organization of cells into more complex tissues and organs

A

cellular diversity

90
Q

diseases process that is involving our cells; cancer

A

homeostatic imbalance

91
Q

group diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation

A

cancer

92
Q

cells that divide without control develop into a __

A

tumor or neoplasm

93
Q

cancer that arise from epithelial cells

A

carcinoma

94
Q

cancerous of growth of melanocytes

A

melanoma

95
Q

cancer arise from muscle cells or connective tissues

A

sarcoma

96
Q

cancer of blood forming organs

A

leukemia

97
Q

cancer of lymphatic tissue

A

lymphoma

98
Q

process where cancer cells leaves their site of origin and travel to other tissues or organs

A

metastasis

ANAPHY (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions