CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
the science of body structures and the relationship among them
Anatomy
the science of body function- how the body works
Physiology
The first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg
Embryology
The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death
Developmental biology
Microscopic structure of tissues
Histology
Structures that can be examined without microscope
Gross anatomy
Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous system
Systemic Anatomy
Specific regions of the body such as head or chest
Regional Anatomy
Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation
Surface anatomy
Internal body structure that can be visualized with techniques such as X-rays, MRI, CT scans and other technologies for clinical analysis and medical intervention
Imaging anatomy
Structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease
Pathological anatomy
Functions of individual molecules such as protein and DNA
Molecular physiology
Functional properties of nerve cells
Neurophysiology
Hormones and how they control body functions
Endocrinology
Functions of heart and blood vessels
Cardio-vascular physiology
The body’s defenses against disease causing agents
Immunology
Functions of air passageways and lungs
Respiratory physiology
Functions of the kidneys
Renal physiology
Changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity
Exercise physiology
Functional changes associated with disease and aging
Pathophysiology
head
cephalic
neck
cervical
skull
cranial
face
facial
forehead
frontal
temple
temporal
eye
ocular
ear
otic
cheek
buccal
nose
nasal
mouth
oral
chin
mental
breast bone
sternal
armpit
axillary
arm
brachial
front of elbow
antecubital
forearm
antebrachial
wrist
carpal
palm
palmar
finger
digital
thigh
femoral
anterior surface of the knee
patellar
leg
crural
foot
pedal
ankle
tarsal
toes
digital
great toe
hallux
top of foot
dorsum
pubis
pubic
hand
manual
thumb
pollex
pelvis
pelvic
groin
inguinal
hip
coxal
navel
umbilical
abdomen
abdominal
breast
mammary
chest
thoracic
base of the skull
occipital
shoulder blade
scapular
spinal column
vertebral
back of the elbow
cubital
between hips
sacral
buttock
gluteal
region of anus and external genitals
perineal
hollow behind knee
popliteal
calf
sural
sole
plantar
heel
calcaneal
back of the hand
dorsum
loin
lumbar
back
dorsal
toward the head or upper part of the structure
superior
away from the head or lower part of the structure
inferior
nearer to or at the front of the body
anterior
nearer to or at the back of the body
posterior
nearer to the midline
medial
farther from the midline
lateral
between two structures
intermediate
on the same side of the body from another structure
ipsilateral
on the opposite side of the body from another structure
contralateral
nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk
proximal
farther from the attachment of a limb
distal
towards the surface of the body
superficial
away from the surface of the body
deep
formed by cranial bones and contains brain
cranial cavity
formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of the spinal nerves
vertebral cavity
chest cavity; contains pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum
Thoracic cavity
A potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds a lung
pleural cavity
A potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart
pericardial cavity
Central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels
Mediastinum
subdivided into two abdominal and pelvic cavities
abdominopelvic cavity
contains stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, small intestine and most of the large intestine: serous membrane is peritoneum
abdominal cavity
contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine and internal organs of reproduction
pelvic cavity
