Chapter 2 part 1

Question 0

Neuron

Answer 0

A nerve cell, the basic building blocks of the nervous system.

Question 1

Biological psychology

Answer 1

A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior.

Question 2

Dendrite

Answer 2

The bushy branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body.

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

The extension of a neuron ending in branching terminal fibers through which messages pass to other neurons, muscles or glands.

Question 4

Myelin Sheath

Answer 4

A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons. Enables greater transmission speed of impulses.

Question 5

Action potential

Answer 5

A neural impulse, a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.

Question 6

Threshold

Answer 6

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.

Question 7

Synapse

Answer 7

The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving cell body.

Question 8

Neurotransmitters

Answer 8

Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons.

Question 9

Acetylcholine ach

Answer 9

A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction.

Question 10

Endorphins

Answer 10

‘Morphine within’ natural opiate like Neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure.

Question 11

Nervous system

Answer 11

The body’s speedy electrochemical communication network consisting of all the central nervous system.

Question 12

Central nervous system

Answer 12

The brain and spinal cord

Question 13

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 13

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

Question 14

Dopamine

Answer 14

Influences movement learning, attention and emotion.

Question 15

Serotonin

Answer 15

Affects mood hunger sleep and arousal.

Question 16

Sensory nerves

Answer 16

Apart of SIM. Carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system.

Question 17

Motor neurons

Answer 17

Carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.

Question 18

Interneurons

Answer 18

Connect the two neurons (sensory and motor) SIM

Question 19

Somatic nervous system

Answer 19

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscle.

Question 20

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 20

Part of the PNS that controls the glands and other muscles

Question 21

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 21

Division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing it energy in stressful situations.

Question 22

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 22

Division of the ANS that calms the body, conserving energy.

Question 23

Reflex

Answer 23

Information is carried from skin receptors along a sensory nerve to the spinal cord.

Question 24

Neural network

Answer 24

Interconnected neurons form networks in the brain. These networks are complex and modify with growth and experience.

Question 25

Endocrine system

Answer 25

The body’s slow chemical communication system. Communication is carried out by hormones synthesized by a set of glands.

Question 26

Hormones

Answer 26

Chemicals synthesized by the endocrine glands that are secreted in the blood stream. Affects brain and tissue in the body

Question 27

Pituitary glands

Answer 27

‘Master gland’ the anterior lobe releases hormones that regulate other glands. The posterior lobe regulates water and salt balances.

Question 28

Adrenal glands

Answer 28

Adrenal glands consist of the adrenal medulla and the cortex. The medulla secretes during stressful and emotional situations, while the adrenal cortex regulates salt and carbohydrate metabolism.