Chapter 2 Part 1.

Question 1

What is object permanence?

Answer 1

Child’s understanding that an object still exists even when it can no longer be seen directly.

Develops: 8 - 12 months.

Question 2

Sensorimotor Stage?

Answer 2

Birth - 2 years.

Emphasis on motor activity and physical interaction for gaining knowledge

Question 3

Preoperational Stage?

Answer 3

2 Years - Around 7 Years

Rapid cognitive development.

• language
• memory
• pretend of symbolic play.
• understand past and future

Question 4

Concrete Operational Stage?

Answer 4

7 Years - 11 Years

-Understand and use symbols

Understands concrete stuff such as

• Math
• Backwards thinking.

Question 5

Formal Operational Stage?

Answer 5

12 Years - Adulthood

• Understand abstract things.
  
  • Prediction, having own ideas etc.

Question 6

What is the Cognitive Theory?

Answer 6

Children are “little scientists”.

They gain “knowledge” and “thinking” by acting on the world.

Question 7

Assimilation?

Answer 7

“Hearing something new and translating it into information that makes sense”

Question 8

Accommodation?

Answer 8

Changing ones current theory in order to cope with new info.

Question 9

Equilibration?

Answer 9

Balancing assimilation and accommodation while still allowing for development

Question 10

Associationist Perspective?

Answer 10

Perspective suggesting that people have only general-purpose learning mechanisms, allowing them to associate one stimulus with another.

Newborn mind is a blank slate.

Question 11

Classical Conditioning?

Answer 11

Learning process which a neutral stimulus comes to be associated with a naturally motivating stimulus.

I.E: making the sound of a bell mean food time for a dog.

Question 12

Unconditioned Stimulus?

Unconditioned Response?

Answer 12

Stimulus that makes a response before any training takes place.

Response that follows the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus

Question 13

Conditioned Stimulus?

Conditioned Response?

Answer 13

Stimulus with which the unconditioned stimulus has been associated (i like to think of them as “Fused”) with.

Response to the conditioned stimulus once training has taken place.

Question 14

Operant conditioning?

Answer 14

Type of learning where a specific behavior becomes more or less likely due to punishments or rewards.

Question 15

Reinforcer

Answer 15

-Operant conditioning

Any consequence that makes a behavior more likely to occur.
i.e: rewards

Question 16

Punisher

Answer 16

-Operant conditioning

Any consequence that makes a behavior less likely to occur

Question 17

Observational Learning?

Answer 17

Actors behavior changes as a result of observing a model (pretty straightforward).

Question 18

Developmental systems theory?

Answer 18

“Whole is more than the sum of its parts.”