CHAPTER 2 - part 1

Question 1

Smallest structural units of living
matter and compose of all living
thing.

Answer 1

CELL

Question 2

All cells have a genetic information
in the form of

Answer 2

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

Do not have nucleus

Answer 3

Prokaryotic cell

Question 4

What organisms are considered prokaryotes?

Answer 4

Cyanobacteria, Eubacteria, and Domain Archaea

Question 5

Single circular molecule DNA of prokaryotes is located in

Answer 5

Nucleoid region

Question 6

Size of prokaryotic cell

Answer 6

100 nm - 10 micrometer

Question 7

True nucleus

Answer 7

Eukaryotic cell

Question 8

Members of the eukaryotes

Answer 8

Plants, animals, fungi, protist

Question 9

Size of the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 9

10 - 100 micrometer

Question 10

Cell’s fortification

Answer 10

Plasma membrane

Question 11

Cells’ environment

Answer 11

Cytoplasm

Question 12

Cell’s powerplant

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

Cell’s factories

Answer 13

Ribosome

Question 14

Cell’s stomach

Answer 14

Lysosome

Question 15

Cell’s pipe system

Answer 15

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Cell’s delivery center

Answer 16

Golgi apparatus

Question 17

Cell’s anchor

Answer 17

Centrosome

Question 18

Cell’s firemen

Answer 18

Peroxisome

Question 19

Cell’s shapeshifter

Answer 19

Cytoskeleton

Question 20

Cell’s compartments

Answer 20

Vacuole

Question 21

Cell’s brain

Answer 21

Nucleus

Question 22

In plasma membrane, it acts as receptors and cell recognition

Answer 22

Externally facing proteins

Question 23

Cellular region between the nuclear and plasma membrane

Answer 23

Cytoplasm

Question 24

Responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 24

Ribosome

Question 25

Vesicles filled with digestive proteins, can absorb something and break it down into recyclable pieces

Answer 25

Lysosome

Question 26

It tags vesicles and proteins to help them get carried to their correct destinations

Answer 26

Golgi apparatus

Question 27

Organizes and produces the microtubules of the cell’s cytoskeleton

Answer 27

Centrosome

Question 28

Vesicles that defend (or neutralize) the cell from free radicals

Answer 28

Peroxisome

Question 29

It modifies the cell’s shape and ensures mechanical resistance to deformation

Answer 29

Cytoskeleton

Question 30

Organelles that are unique for plants

Answer 30

Central vacuole, Chloroplast, Chromatin

Question 31

Large membrane-enclosed compartment. Used to store ions, waste products, pigments, protective compounds

Answer 31

Central vacuole

Question 32

Membrane-enclosed organelle containing stacked structures (_______) of chlorophyll-containing membrane sacs called ______________ surrounded by an inner fluid (__________)

Answer 32

grana. thylakoid, stroma

Question 33

Double-membrane structure; separates nucleoplasm & cytoplasm. regulates the passage of substances to and from the nucleus

Answer 33

Nuclear envelope

Question 34

Dense spherical (non-membranebound) ;composed of ribosomal RNA and protein.

Answer 34

Nucleoli

Question 35

Granular, thread-like material composed of DNA and histone proteins.DNA contains genes

Answer 35

Chromatin

Question 36

Location of calvin cycle

Answer 36

Stroma

Question 37

Location of photosynthesis

Answer 37

Thylakoid

Question 38

Location of glycolysis

Answer 38

Cytoplasm

Question 39

Location of TCA cycle

Answer 39

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 40

Location of ETC

Answer 40

Inner mitochondrial matrix

Question 41

In a DNA molecule, there is an equal number between the bases (A) (T), and between the bases (G) (C)

Answer 41

Chargaff's rule

Question 42

Building block of DNA

Answer 42

Nucleotide

Question 43

Nucleotide components

Answer 43

Pentose sugar (deoxyribose), Phosphate group, Nitrogenous base

Question 44

Purines:

Answer 44

Adenine, Guanine

Question 45

Pyrimidines

Answer 45

Thymine, Cytosine

Question 46

For RNA, thymine is replaced with

Answer 46

Uracil

Question 47

Two strands of nucleotides are joined together by ______________ _______ between the bases

Answer 47

Hydrogen bonds

Question 48

the phosphate at carbon 5 is not bonded to another nucleotide, but carbon 3 is involved in a phosphodiester bond

Answer 48

5'

Question 49

the phosphate at carbon 5 is bonded to another nucleotide, but carbon 3 is not joined

Answer 49

3'

Question 50

the polarity of each strand is reversed relative to each other

Answer 50

Antiparallel

Question 51

The ________ _______ of molecular biology is a theory stating that genetic information flows only in one direction, from DNA, to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly to protein..

Answer 51

Central dogma

Question 52

Three major steps in DNA Replication

Answer 52

1. Opening of the double helix and Separation of the DNA strands 2. Priming of the template strand 3. Assembly of the new DNA segment

Question 53

__________ unwinds the parental double helix

Answer 53

Helicase

Question 54

The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' - 3' direction by ______ ________________

Answer 54

DNA Polymerase

Question 55

The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously. _________ synthesized a short RNA primer, which is extended by DNA Polymerase to form an __________ _________

Answer 55

Primase, Okazaki fragment

Question 56

acts as "messenger"

Answer 56

mRNA

Question 57

translate genetic information into protein sequence

Answer 57

tRNA

Question 58

75 - 90 nucleotides

Answer 58

tRNA

Question 59

reading the order of amino acids and linking amino acids together

Answer 59

rRNA

Question 60

1,500 - 4,700 nucleotides

Answer 60

rRNA