chapter 2: neurobiological and psychopharmalogical theories Flashcards
the gene ______ may be a factor in late-onset Alzheimers
SORLI
_________ studies compare rates of certain mental illnesses or traits in identical twins and fraternal twins.
twin
_______ studies are used to determine a trait among biological vs adoptive family members
adoption
_______ studies compare whether a trait is more common in first degree relatives than among more distant relatives or the general population
family
_________ examines the effect of psychosocial stressors on the body’s immune system
psychoimmunology
______ is the maximal therapeutic effect a drug can achieve
efficacy
the time a drug needs to leave the body completely after discontinuing is about ______ its half life
5 times
first generation antipsychotics are potent blockers of ___, ____, and ____
D2
D3
D4
_____ ______ antipsychotics are potent blockers of D2, D3, and D4
first generation
_______ effects of antipsychotics are due to blocking of D2 receptors
extrapyramidal
_________ has the potential to cause post injection delirium/sedation syndrome
zyprexa relprevv
zyprexa relprevv has the potential to cause
postinjection delirium/sedation syndrome
_____ _____ antipsychotics inhibit the reuptake of seratonin
second generation
second generation antipsychotics inhibit the reuptake of seratonin, increasing their effectiveness in the _______ aspect of ________
depressive
schizophrenia
third generation antipsychotics stabilize ______ output
dopamine
3 extrapyramidal symptoms
-acute dystonia
-pseudoparkinsonism
-akathisia
extrapyramidal symptoms can be treated with what type of med
anticholinergic
increased levels of _______ ________ seen with neuroleptic malignant syndrome
creatine phosokinase
akathisia can be treated with a _____-_____, ___________, or a _________
-beta blocker
-anticholinergic
-benzo
neuroleptic malignant syndrome most often occurs in first ____ weeks of therapy, or after an _______ ____ ______
-2
-increase in dosage
_______ _______ can be caused by long term use of conventional antipsychotic drugs
tardive dyskinesia
is tardive dyskinesia reversible?
no
antipsychotics increase blood _______ level
prolactin
weight gain more likely with _____ _____ antipsychotics
second generation
______ _____ more likely with 2nd generation antipsychotics
weight gain
what are these symptoms of?
-fever
-malaise
-ulcerative sore throat
-leukopenia
agranulocytosis
_______ has the potentially fatal side effect of agranulocytosis
clozapine
pts taking clozapine must have weekly ______ drawn for the first ___ months
-WBCs
-6
after clozapine is discontinued, weekly monitoring of the _____ and _____ is required for ___ weeks
-WBCs and ANC
-4 weeks
if a pt forgets a dose of antipsychotic meds, he or she can take the missed dose if it is only how late?
3-4 hours
antidepressants slowly interact with _____ and ______
norepinephrine
seratonin
______ are potentially lethal in overdose
MAOIS
MAOIS can cause hypertensive crisis if pt eats food containing ______
tyramine
_____ can cause hypertensive crisis if pt eats food containing tyramine
MAOIS
SSRIs may take _____ to _____ weeks to become effective
2-3
cyclic compounds may take ____to _____ weeks to be effective
4-6
MAOIs need ____to ____ weeks for effectiveness
2-4
________ interfere with enzyme metabolism
MAOIs
________ antidepressants block cholinergic receptors
cyclic
cyclic antidepressants block _____ receptors
cholinergic
these symptoms are caused by what effects?
dry mouth
constipation
urinary hesitancy or retention
dry nasal passages
blurred near vision
anticholinergic
________ and _____ commonly cause headaches
trazadone
nefazodone
________ can cause seizures at 4x the rate of that of other antidepressants
bupropin
if SSRI dose is missed, it can be taken up to ______ hours after missed dose
8
_______ produces its effect intracellulary
lithium
_______ is the first line agent in treatment of bipolar
lithium
___________ ________ can result from taking an MAOI and an SSRI at the same time
seratonin syndrome
seratonin syndrome can result from taking an _____ and a ___ at the same time
MAOI
SSRI
what is the snowball effect when minor seizure activity builds up into more frequent and severe seizures?
kindling process
disturbances in _____ system have been implicated in the poorly controlled emotions and impulses seen with psychotic or manic behavior
limbic
excessive amounts of ________ have been indicated in several anxiety disorders
norepinephrine
some pts w ______ have been shown to have enlarged ventricles on CT
schizophrenia
some pts with schizophrenia have been shown to have _____ _____ on CT
enlarged ventricles
MRIs show that pts with schizophrenia have as much as 7% reduction in _______ ______
cortical thickness
can edema be seen on an MRI?
yes
_________ is used for aversion therapy for alcoholism
disulfiram
