Chapter 2 - Matter, Forces, and Energy

Question 1

Secular scientists believe ______ _______ explains the shapes and arrangements of galaxies in space.

Answer 1

dark matter

Question 2

Matter is defined as anything that

Answer 2

occupies space and has mass.

Question 3

The two main types of matter are

Answer 3

pure substances and mixtures

Question 4

The states of matter depend on a substance’s properties and

Answer 4

temperature

Question 5

A force is

Answer 5

a push or pull

Question 6

The force of _______ is very important in earth science.

Answer 6

gravity

Question 7

A force acting on an object as it moves through a distance is called

Answer 7

work

Question 8

The ability to do work is called

Answer 8

energy

Question 9

_________ is never created or destroyed, it only changes form.

Answer 9

Energy

Question 10

Atoms are made of

Answer 10

protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 11

When an atom contains unequal numbers of electrons and protons, the atom is a charged particle called a(n)

Answer 11

ion

Question 12

The two types of pure substances are

Answer 12

elements and compounds

Question 13

Elements are made of only one kind of

Answer 13

atom

Question 14

Compounds are made of two or more different

Answer 14

elements

Question 15

Matter may undergo what types of changes?

Answer 15

physical, chemical, and nuclear

Question 16

A change in matter that doesn’t alter its chemical identity.

Answer 16

physical change

Question 17

The change from one pure substance to another by the rearrangement of atoms in a chemical reaction.

Answer 17

chemical changes

Question 18

A change of one element into another element by changes occurring in the nucleus of the atom; can occur when atoms emit or absorb rays or particles; can also occur in nuclear reactions when atoms split apart through fission or join together through fusion.

Answer 18

nuclear changes

Question 19

A material made of only one kind of element or compound; not a mixture.

Answer 19

pure substance

Question 20

A physical combination of two or more substances - can be separated by physical means.

Answer 20

mixture

Question 21

Sweetened tea would be an example of a

Answer 21

mixture

Question 22

A fluid state of matter in which the particles are free to move but are held close to each other; a substances that has an unchanging volume but a changeable shape.

Answer 22

liquid

Question 23

A rigid state of matter in which the particles align in a fixed arrangement; a substance that has an unchanging shape and volume.

Answer 23

solid

Question 24

A fluid state of matter in which the particles move so fast and are so far apart as to have little interaction with each other; have both a changeable shape and volume.

Answer 24

gas

Question 25

A fluid state of matter made of extremely high-temperature ionized particles; have both a changeable shape and volume.

Answer 25

plasma

Question 26

The change in state from a solid directly to a gas caused by energy; the opposite of deposition.

Answer 26

sublimation

Question 27

The change in state from a gas directly to a solid caused by removing energy; opposite of sublimation.

Answer 27

deposition

Question 28

A contact force that acts to squeeze or crush an object or substance.

Answer 28

compression

Question 29

Particles that are always present in the nucleus, and have a relatively large masse and a single positive charge.

Answer 29

protons

Question 30

Slightly more massive than protons with no electrical charge.

Answer 30

neutrons

Question 31

Particles around the nucleus and carries a single negative charge.

Answer 31

electrons

Question 32

The change of state from a solid to a liquid at the melting point that is caused by adding energy; opposite of freezing.

Answer 32

melting

Question 33

The change in state from a liquid to a solid caused by removing energy; opposite of melting.

Answer 33

freezing

Question 34

The change in state from a liquid to a gas caused by adding energy; opposite of condesation.

Answer 34

vaporization

Question 35

The change in state from a liquid to a gas at the boiling point; occurs when the pressure in the liquid exceeds the atmospheric pressure.

Answer 35

boiling

Question 36

The change of state from a liquid to a gas below the boiling point but above the freezing point; occurs when particles near the surface of the liquid gain sufficient energy to escape the liquid.

Answer 36

evaporation

Question 37

The change in state from a gas to a liquid caused by removing energy; occurs at the dew point and is the opposite of vaporization.

Answer 37

condensation

Question 38

The change in state from a solid directly to a gas caused by adding energy; opposite of deposition.

Answer 38

sublimation

Question 39

The change in state from a gas directly to a solid caused by removing energy; opposite of sublimation.

Answer 39

deposition (change of state)

Question 40

Scientific law that states that matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only transfer between objects or transform to a different form.

Answer 40

first law of thermodynamics