2A - Matter Flashcards
Describe matter and the different forms it can take, describe how matter changes from one state to another, and demonstrate three ways to measure matter.
Define matter. Why is it hard to completely define it?
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. To provide a complete definition requires defining space and mass, neither of which is completely definable. (pg.25)
Contrast pure substances and mixtures.
Pure substances are made of one kind of substance, all the way down to the particle level (they are uniform in composition). Mixtures are physical combinations of two or more substances in a changeable composition. The parts of mixtures can be separated by physical methods, such as filtering or evaporating. (pg.25)
What main factor determines a material’s state of matter? How does it affect the particles of a substance?
The main factor that determines a material’s state is its temperature. Temperature affects the motion of particles. Higher temperatures produce faster particle vibration and movement. (pg.26)
What are the differences in the motions and arrangements of particles in solids and liquids?
The particles in solids vibrate in fixed positions, while the particles in liquids are mobile, though still close together. (pg.26)
What are the differences in the motions and arrangements of particles in liquids and vapor?
The particles in liquids are mobile and close together, while the particles in the gas state are far apart and move very fast. (pg.26)
How is the plasma state of a substance different from the gas of the same substance?
The particles in both plasmas and gases are far apart and move very fast, but the particles in plasmas collide so hard that they break apart and become electrically charged. (pg.26)
Name the change of state: water vapor becomes liquid water droplets.
condensation (pg.29)
Name the change of state: molten steel hardens.
freezing or solidification (pg.27)
Name the change of state: on a cold, clear night, ice forms on the windshield of your family car.
deposition (pg.29)
Name the change of state: a block of dry ice slowly disappears.
sublimation (pg.29)
Name the change of state: a beaker of liquid oxygen bubbles and forms oxygen gas.
boiling or vaporization (pg.27-28)
Name three ways to measure matter.
Matter can be measured by mass, weight, or volume. (pg.29,31)
