chapter 2 lesson 2,3 chap 3 lesson 2 Flashcards
What are the two regions of the Nile Delta region and where were they located?
The Nile Delta region is called Lower Egypt; the land up stream, to the south is called Upper Egypt
What was the flooding of the Nile River like?
The Egyptians call it a “miracle” of the Nile. The river rose in the summer from heavy autumn, and left a deposit of the that created rich soil several miles wide on both side of the river.
Describe the religion of the Egyptians
Polytheistic. They had a number of gods associated with heavenly bodies and natural forces. Two groups had special significance: Sun Gods and Land Gods
What was the relationship between the Egyptian ruler and religion?
The Egyptian ruler took the title of “Son of Re”. The Rulers were seen as an earthly form of Re, one of the son gods names.
What role did the Nile River play in the development of Egyptian civilization?
.
What are the three major periods of Egyptian History?
Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and new Kingdom
What were the periods like?
These were periods of long term stability marked by strong leadership, freedom from invasion, great building projects and rich cultural activity.
What are the periods called that are in between the Kingdoms?
Intermediate periods- They were times of political disorder and invasion
Define Pharaoh
Pharaoh - the most common of the various titles for ancient Egyptian monarchs; the term originally meant “great house” or “palace”.
Define bureaucracy
Bureaucracy- an administrative organization that relies on elective officials and regular procedures
What were the years for the Old Kingdom?
2700 BC to 2200BC
Describe the power that Pharaohs possessed during the Old Kingdom.
Egyptian Pharaohs possessed absolute power; they had complete, unlimited power to rule their people
What was the culture like during the old Kingdom?
It was an age of prosperity and splendor. The Pharaohs of the Old Kingdom were powerful rulers over a unified state. The people believed that In obeying their pharaoh, subjects were helping to maintain a stable world order
Why did Egyptians practice mummification?
To Preserve the physical body after death
Describe the largest and most magnificent pyramids built under King Khufu.
Constructed at Giza around 2540 BC the famous Great Pyramid of King Khufu covers 13 acres, measures 756 ft. at each side of its base and stands 481 ft. high, Guarding the Great Pyramid of Giza is a huge figure carved from rock known as the Great Sphinx.
What are the years for the Middle Kingdom?
2055BC to 1650BC
Why is the Middle Kingdom portrayed as the “golden age of stability?”
Egypt began a period of expansion. It conquered Nubia to the south and build fortresses to protect the new frontier. Pharaohs also sent traders to Kush, Syria, Mesopotamia and Crete.
How was Egyptian Society organized?
Egyptian society was organized like a pyramid. The god-king at the top. The pharaoh was surrounded by upper class nobles and priests below the upper class were merchants, artisans, scribes and tax collectors. By far most of the people of Egypt farmed the land. The pharaoh owned the land but granted portion of it to his subjects. Large sections of land were held by nobles and priests. Most of the lower class were peasants who farmed the lands of these estates.
when did a writing system emerge in Egypt?
around 3000 BC
Define hieroglyphics
Hieroglyphics - “priest carvings” or “sacred writings” a complex system of writing that used both pictures and more abstract forms; used by the ancient Egyptians and Maya
Define Hieratic script
Hieratic Script - simplified version of hieroglyphics used in ancient Egypt for business transactions, record keeping and the general needs of daily life
What are some of the cultural contributions of the ancient Egyptians?
Pyramids, temples and other monuments, advances in mathamatics - helped them build their massive monuments. They were able to calculate area and volume and used geometry. They developed an accurate 365 day calendar.
Who were the Hyksos?
The Hyksos were a group of people from western Asia
define Chariot
a two wheeled horse drawn battle care also used in processions and races
What did the Egyptians learn from the Hyksos?
The Egyptians learned to use bronze in the making of their farming tools and their weapons. They also mastered many of the military skills of the the Hyksos especially the use of horse-drawn war chariots.
Who defeated and expelled the Hyksos?
The pharaoh Ahmose I defeated and expelled the Hyksos from Egypt
What are the dates of the New Kingdom
1550 BC to 1070 BC
What political changes occurred during the New Kingdom?
They had an active and political and diplomatic policy
Who was Amenhotep III?
Amenhotep III was a pharaoh who ran the Egyptian imperial state from 1412-1375 during his reign the Egyptian imperial state reached its height.
Who was Akhenaten?
Amenhotep IV was the son of Amenhotep III he eventually changed his name to Akhenaten “Servant of Aten”. Aten is god of the sun disk.
What changes did Akhetaten make during his reign?
Akhenaten introduced the worship of Aten, god of the sun disk, as the sole god. He closed the temples of other gods. He set up a new capital called Akhetaten. A new city located at modern tell-el Amarna, 200 miles north of Thebes.
Who was Hatshepsut? What did she do during her reign?
Hatshepsut was an Egyptian queen even became a pharaoh in her own right. She built a great temple dedicate to herself at Deir el-Bahri near Thebes. She sent out military expeditions, encouraged mining and sent a trading expedition up the Nile.
Why did the Egyptian Empire end?
The upheavals associated with Amenhotep’s religious revolution led to the loss of Egypt’s empire
