Chapter 2 Lab

Question 1

Even a slight amount of rotation on a PA chest projection results in distortion of

Answer 1

the size and shape of the heart shadow because the heart is located anteriorly in the thorax.

Question 2

For a PA chest position, To prevent rotation, ensure that the patient is

Answer 2

standing evenly on both feet with both shoulders rolled forward and downward. Also, check the posterior aspect of the shoulders and the lower posterior rib cage and pelvis to ensure no rotation.

Question 3

What could make it more difficult to prevent rotation for PA chest

Answer 3

Scoliosis and excessive kyphosis

Question 4

Rotation on PA chest radiographs can be determined by examination of both

Answer 4

sternal ends of the clavicles for a symmetric appearance in relationship to the spine. On a true PA chest without rotation, both the right and the left sternal ends of the clavicles are the same distance from the center line of the spine.

Question 5

The direction of rotation for a PA cheat can be determined by

Answer 5

noting which sternal end of the clavicle is closest to the spine. For example, in Fig. 2.36, the left side of the thorax is rotated toward the IR (right side moved away from IR), which creates a slight left anterior oblique (LAO) that decreases the distance of the left clavicle from the spine.

Question 6

What do you do to ensures that the chin and neck are not superimposing the uppermost lung regions, the apices of the lung, for a PA chest

Answer 6

Sufficient extension of the patient’s neck

Question 7

What position lessens the effect of breast shadows over the lower lung fields for PA chest

Answer 7

lift them up and outward and then to remove her hands as she leans against the chest board (IR) to keep them in this position.

Question 8

A _ lateral more accurately demonstrates the heart region (without as much magnification) because the heart is location

Answer 8

Left

Question 9

How to check against rotation for a true lateral chest

Answer 9

confirm that the posterior surfaces of the shoulder and the pelvis are directly superimposed and perpendicular to the IR.

Question 10

With a true lateral chest the side farthest away from the IR are

Answer 10

magnified slightly and projected slightly posterior compared with the side closest to the IR on a true lateral chest;

Question 11

For a true lateral chest, separation of posterior ribs resulting from divergence of the x-ray beam at the commonly used 72-inch (180-cm) SID should be

Answer 11

only ¼ to ½ inch (about 1 cm).

Question 12

a lateral chest with excessive rotation, is indicated by the amount of separation of

Answer 12

the right and left posterior ribs and separation of the two costophrenic angles.

Question 13

The direction of rotation on a lateral chest is identifying by the

Answer 13

left hemidiaphragm by the gastric air bubble in the stomach or the inferior border of the heart shadow, both of which are associated with the left hemidiaphragm.

Question 14

The direction of rotation on a lateral chest is identifying by the

Answer 14

left hemidiaphragm by the gastric air bubble in the stomach or the inferior border of the heart shadow, both of which are associated with the left hemidiaphragm.

Question 15

With a lateral chest the midsagittal plane must be _ to the IR.

Answer 15

parallel

Question 16

Should there be a tilt when taking a lateral chest?

Answer 16

No tilt. If the patient’s shoulders are placed firmly against the chest board (IR) on a lateral chest, the lower lateral thorax or hips or both may be 1 or 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) away.

Question 17

For a lateral chest, do patients have to raise their arms?

Answer 17

Yes, to Ensure the patient raises both arms sufficiently high to prevent superimposition on the upper chest field.

Question 18

The vertebra prominens corresponds to the level of _ and the uppermost margin of the apex of the lungs.

Answer 18

T1

Question 19

This landmark, which can be palpated at the base of the neck, is the preferred landmark for locating the CR on a PA chest

Answer 19

C7

Question 20

What method can you use to find the landmark that centers up with the CR on a PA chest

Answer 20

hand spread method

Question 21

For most patients, this CR level for PA chests is near the level of the _, which corresponds to the level of T7

Answer 21

inferior angle of the scapula

Question 22

The easily palpated _ is the recommended landmark for location of the CR for AP chest radiographs.

Answer 22

jugular notch

Question 23

level of T7 on an average adult is _ below the jugular notch.

Answer 23

3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm)

Question 24

is recommended that for most AP chest radiographs, the 14 x 17-inch (35 × 43-cm) IR should be placed

Answer 24

landscape

Question 25

A reliable method for upper and lower chest collimation is to adjust the upper border of the illuminated light field to the

Answer 25

vertebra prominens,

Question 26

4 Guidelines listed should be followed when chest images are acquired through the use of digital imaging technology.

Answer 26

Collimate
Accurate centering
Exposure factors
Postprocessing evaluation of exposure indicator

Question 27

What do we close collimate

Answer 27

close collimation is critical for patient dese reduction and improved image quality. Close collimation also allows the computer to provide accurate information regarding the exposure indicator.