Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 12 > Chapter 2 - Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Key Terms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

type of molecule that interacts with water by dissolving in water and forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules

A

hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

type of molecule that does not interact with water because it is nonpolar

A

hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

weak bond that arises between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom of another molecule or between parts of the same molecule

A

hydrogen bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of water 1ºC

A

calorie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

molecules tending to raise the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and lower its pH numerically

A

acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

molecules tending to lower the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and raise its pH numerically

A

bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

measure of the hydrogen ion concentration H+; any pH below 7 is acidic and any pH above 7 is basic

A

pH scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

substance or group of substances that tend to resist pH changes of a solution, thus stabilizing its relative acidity and basicity

A

buffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

type of molecule that is not an organic molecule; not derived from a living organism

A

inorganic molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

molecule that always contains carbon and hydrogen and often oxygen; organic molecules are associated with living things

A

organic molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

specific cluster of atoms attached to the carbon skeleton of organic molecules that enters in to reaction and behaves in a predictable way

A

functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer

A

monomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a substance that a has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units(monomer) bonded together

A

polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of CH2O groups; includes monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polyaccharides

A

carbohydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

simple sugar; a carbohydrate that cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis

A

monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sugar that contains two units of a monosaccharide; eg. maltose

A

disaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

polymer made from sugar monomers; the polysaccharides starch and glycogen are polymers of glucose monomers

A

polysaccharide

18
Q

chemical reaction resulting in a covalent bond with the accompanying loss of a water molecule

A

condensation synthesis

19
Q

splitting of a covalent bond by the addition of water

A

hydrolysis

20
Q

storage polysaccharide found in plants that is composed of glucose molecules joined in a linear fashion with few side chains

A

starch

21
Q

storage polysaccharide found in animals that is composed of glucose molecules joined in a linear fashion but having numerous branches

A

glycogen

22
Q

polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules; the chief constituent of a plant’s cell wall

A

cellulose

23
Q

organic compound that is insoluble in water; notably fats, oils, and steroids

A

lipids

24
Q

organic molecule that contains glycerol and fatty acids and is found in adipose tissue

A

fats

25
Q

trigylceride usually of plant origin, composed of glycerol and three fatty acids that is liquid in consistency because there are many unsaturated bonds in the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids

A

oils

26
Q

neutral fat composed of glycerol and three fatty acids

A

triglyceride

27
Q

breaking up of fat globules into smaller droplets by the action of bile salts of any other emulsifier

A

emulsification

28
Q

molecule that contains a hydrocarbon chain and ends with an acid group

A

fatty acid

29
Q

molecule that lacks double bonds between the carbons of its hydrocarbon chain. the chain bears the maximum number of hydrogens

A

saturated fatty acids

30
Q

fatty acid molecule that has one or more double bonds between the atoms of its carbon chain

A

unsaturated fatty acids

31
Q

molecule that forms the bilayer of the cell’s membranes ; has a polar, hydrophilic head bonded to two nonpolar, hydrophilic tails

A

phosphlipids

32
Q

type of lipid molecule having a complex of four carbon rings but different side chains from other steroid hormones

A

steroids

33
Q

organic catalyst, usually a protein that speeds up a reaction in cells due to its particular shape

A

enzymes

34
Q

organic macromolecule that is composed of either one or several polypeptides

A

proteins

35
Q

monomer of a protein; takes its name from the fact that it contains an amino group (-NH2) and an acid group(-COOH)

A

amino acid

36
Q

covalent bond that joins two amino acids

A

peptide bond

37
Q

polymer of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds

A

polypeptide bonds

38
Q

loss of an enzyme’s normal shape so that it no longer functions; caused by a less than optimal pH and temperature

A

denaturation

39
Q

nucleic acid foudn in cells; the genetic material that specifies protein synthesis in cells

A

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

40
Q

nucleic acid produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; occurs in three forms: messenger, ribosomal and transfer

A

RNA

ribonucleic acid

41
Q

nucleotide with three phosphate groups. the breakdown of ATP in ADP +P make energy available for energy-requiring processes in cells

A

ATP

adenosine triphosphate

42
Q

nucleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate group and become ATP

A

ADP

adenosine diphosphate

Biology 12 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions