Chapter 13.1-13.3 - Key Terms

Question 1

a vessel that takes blood away from the heart to arterioles; characteristically possessing thick elastic and muscular walls

Answer 1

arteries

Question 2

microscopic vessel connecting arterioles to venules; exchange of substances between blood and tissue fluid occur across their thin walls

Answer 2

capillaries

Question 3

a vessel that takes blood from an artery to capillaries

Answer 3

arterioles

Question 4

a vessel that takes blood from capillaries to a vein

Answer 4

venules

Question 5

membranous extension of a vessel or the heart wall that opens and closes, ensuring one-way flow

Answer 5

valves

Question 6

the protective serous membrane that surrounds the heart

Answer 6

pericardium

Question 7

cardiac muscle in the wall of the heart

Answer 7

myocardium

Question 8

one of the upper chambers of either the left atrium or the right atrium of the heart which receive blood

Answer 8

atrium

Question 9

a cavity in an organ, such as a lower chamber of the heart; or the ventricles of the brain, which are interconnecting cavities that produce and serve as a reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 9

ventricle

Question 10

valve located between the atrium and the ventricle

Answer 10

atrioventricular valves

Question 11

tough bands of connective tissue that attach the papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves within the heart

Answer 11

chordae tendinae

Question 12

valve resembling a half moon located between the ventricles and their attached vessels

Answer 12

semilunar valves

Question 13

blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart to the lungs

Answer 13

pulmonary arteries

Question 14

blood vessel that takes blood to the heart from the lungs

Answer 14

pulmonary lungs

Question 15

one complete cycle of systole and diastole for all heart chambers

Answer 15

cardiac cycle

Question 16

contraction period of the heart during the cardiac cycle

Answer 16

systole

Question 17

relaxation period of a heart chamber during the cardiac cycle

Answer 17

diastole

Question 18

small region of neuromuscular tissue that initiates the heartbeat; also called the pace maker

Answer 18

sinoatrial node

SA node

Question 19

small region of neuromuscular tissue that transmits impulses received from the SA node to the ventricular walls

Answer 19

atrioventricular node

AV node

Question 20

group of specialized fibres that conduct impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart

Answer 20

atrioventricular bundle

Question 21

specialized muscle fibres that conduct the cardiac impulse from AV bundle into the ventricles

Answer 21

purkinje fibres

Question 22

recording of the electrical activity associated with the heartbeat

Answer 22

electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 23

circulatory pathway that consists of the pulmonary trunk, the pulmonary arteries and veins; takes O2 poor blood from the heart to the lungs and O2 rich blood from the lungs to the heart

Answer 23

pulmonary circuit

Question 24

that part of the circulatory system that serves body parts other than the gas-exchanging surfaces in the lungs

Answer 24

systemic circuit

Question 25

major systemic artery that receives blood from the left ventricle of the heart

Answer 25

aorta

Question 26

large vein that enters the right atrium from above and carries blood from the head, thorax, and upper limps to the heart

Answer 26

superior venae cavae

Question 27

large vein that enters the right atrium from below and carries blood from the trunk and lower extremities

Answer 27

inferior venae cavae

Question 28

artery that supplies blood to the wall of the heart

Answer 28

coronary arteries

Question 29

portal system that begins at the villi of the small intestine and ends at the liver

Answer 29

hepatic portal system

Question 30

vein leading to the liver and formed by the merging blood vessels leaving the small intestine

Answer 30

hepatic portal vein

Question 31

vein that runs between the liver and the inferior vena cava

Answer 31

hepatic vein

Question 32

arterial blood pressure during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle

Answer 32

systolic pressure

Question 33

arterial blood pressure during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle

Answer 33

diastolic pressure

Question 34

accumulation of blood in the veins that develops when the valves of veins become weak and ineffective due to the backward pressure of blood

Answer 34

varicose veins

Question 35

inflammation of a vein that can lead to blood clots. if a clot is carries to a pulmonary vessel, death can result

Answer 35

phlebitis