Chapter 13.1-13.3 - Key Terms Flashcards
a vessel that takes blood away from the heart to arterioles; characteristically possessing thick elastic and muscular walls
arteries
microscopic vessel connecting arterioles to venules; exchange of substances between blood and tissue fluid occur across their thin walls
capillaries
a vessel that takes blood from an artery to capillaries
arterioles
a vessel that takes blood from capillaries to a vein
venules
membranous extension of a vessel or the heart wall that opens and closes, ensuring one-way flow
valves
the protective serous membrane that surrounds the heart
pericardium
cardiac muscle in the wall of the heart
myocardium
one of the upper chambers of either the left atrium or the right atrium of the heart which receive blood
atrium
a cavity in an organ, such as a lower chamber of the heart; or the ventricles of the brain, which are interconnecting cavities that produce and serve as a reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid
ventricle
valve located between the atrium and the ventricle
atrioventricular valves
tough bands of connective tissue that attach the papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves within the heart
chordae tendinae
valve resembling a half moon located between the ventricles and their attached vessels
semilunar valves
blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary arteries
blood vessel that takes blood to the heart from the lungs
pulmonary lungs
one complete cycle of systole and diastole for all heart chambers
cardiac cycle
contraction period of the heart during the cardiac cycle
systole
relaxation period of a heart chamber during the cardiac cycle
diastole
small region of neuromuscular tissue that initiates the heartbeat; also called the pace maker
sinoatrial node
SA node
small region of neuromuscular tissue that transmits impulses received from the SA node to the ventricular walls
atrioventricular node
AV node
group of specialized fibres that conduct impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart
atrioventricular bundle
specialized muscle fibres that conduct the cardiac impulse from AV bundle into the ventricles
purkinje fibres
recording of the electrical activity associated with the heartbeat
electrocardiogram (ECG)
circulatory pathway that consists of the pulmonary trunk, the pulmonary arteries and veins; takes O2 poor blood from the heart to the lungs and O2 rich blood from the lungs to the heart
pulmonary circuit
that part of the circulatory system that serves body parts other than the gas-exchanging surfaces in the lungs
systemic circuit
major systemic artery that receives blood from the left ventricle of the heart
aorta
large vein that enters the right atrium from above and carries blood from the head, thorax, and upper limps to the heart
superior venae cavae
large vein that enters the right atrium from below and carries blood from the trunk and lower extremities
inferior venae cavae
artery that supplies blood to the wall of the heart
coronary arteries
portal system that begins at the villi of the small intestine and ends at the liver
hepatic portal system
vein leading to the liver and formed by the merging blood vessels leaving the small intestine
hepatic portal vein
vein that runs between the liver and the inferior vena cava
hepatic vein
arterial blood pressure during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle
systolic pressure
arterial blood pressure during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle
diastolic pressure
accumulation of blood in the veins that develops when the valves of veins become weak and ineffective due to the backward pressure of blood
varicose veins
inflammation of a vein that can lead to blood clots. if a clot is carries to a pulmonary vessel, death can result
phlebitis
