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Biology 12 > Chapter 17 - The Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - The Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the two parts of the CNS?

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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2
Q

what are the three parts of the brain?

A

forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

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3
Q

what are the two systems in the PNS?

A

autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

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4
Q

what are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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5
Q

which way do sensory neurons send messages?

A

towards the CNS

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6
Q

which way do motor neurons send messages?

A

away from the CNS

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7
Q

def: receive input from sensory neurons and other neurons in the CNS

A

interneurons

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8
Q

def: contains the nucleus and other organelles

A

cell body

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9
Q

def: extensions leading toward the cell body that receive signals from other neurons and send them to the cell body

A

dendrites

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10
Q

def: conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons or effectors

A

axon

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11
Q

where is the myelin sheath in the PNS formed?

A

by Schwann cells

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12
Q

what are the gaps between axons called?

A

nodes of Ranvier

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13
Q

does nerve regeneration occur in the CNS?

A

no

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14
Q

what does the myelin sheath in the PNS do when an axon is severed?

A

serves as a passageway for new fibre growth

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15
Q

def: cells that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous system

A

neurons

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16
Q

def: support and nourish neurons, maintain homeostasis, form myelin that surrounds neurons, and aid in signal transmission

A

neuroglia

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17
Q

what kind of axons does grey matter in the CNS contain?

A

short, nonmyelinated axons

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18
Q

are axons in white matter in the CNS myelinated?

A

yes

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19
Q

what is the charge at resting potential?

A

-70 mV

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20
Q

what is the charge rising up to for depolarization?

A

35 mV

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21
Q

what does the charge fall to during repolarization and hyperpolarization?

A

-90 mV

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22
Q

resting potential shows that the inside of the axon is ______ compared to the outside

A

negative

23
Q

def: rapid change in polarity across the axonal membrane as the nerve impulse occurs

A

action potential

24
Q

does the strength of an action potential every change?

A

no, it simply fires more often

25
Q

where is myelin found in the PNS?

A

in sensory and motor neurons

26
Q

myelinated axons cause _____ nerve conduction

A

saltatory

27
Q

where are non-myelinated axons found in the CNS?

A

in the brain and spinal cord

28
Q

def: protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

29
Q

what fills the spaces between the meninges?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

30
Q

def: contains the cerebrospinal fluid

A

central canal

31
Q

def: centrally located, shaped like the letter H

A

grey matter in the spinal cord

32
Q

def: contains sensory fibres entering grey matter

A

dorsal root

33
Q

def: contains motor fibres exiting grey matter

A

ventral root

34
Q

def: surrounds grey matter

A

white matter

35
Q

what are the 4 major parts of the brain?

A

cerebrum
diencephalon
cerebellum
brain stem

36
Q

what are the grooves in the brain called?

A

sulci

37
Q

what are the 4 different parts of the cerebrum?

A

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobe

38
Q

what is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A
  • voluntary movement
  • motor functions
  • reasoning and planning
  • Broca’s area
39
Q

what is the Broca’s area responsible for?

A

speech musculature (lips, tongue, larynx)

40
Q

what is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A
  • somatic sensing
  • taste
  • processes and analyzes sensory information from skin and muscles
41
Q

what is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A
  • hearing
  • audio association
  • Wernicke’s area
42
Q

what does Wernicke’s area do?

A

help us understand written and spoken words

43
Q

what is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A
  • associating new visual information with previous information
  • vision
44
Q

what does the hypothalamus do?

A
  • maintain homeostasis

- regulate hunger, sleep, thirst, body temperature, and water

45
Q

what does the thalamus do?

A
  • receive all sensory input except smell
  • integrates sense transmissions
  • higher mental functions (memory, emotions)
46
Q

what does the pineal gland do?

A

secretes melatonin for sleep

47
Q

what is in the diencephalon?

A
  • hypothalamus
  • thalamus
  • pineal gland
48
Q

what is in the cerebrum?

A
  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • central white matter
  • basal nuclei
49
Q

what is in the cerebellum?

A

white matter and a thin layer of gray matter

50
Q

what is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

maintaining balance and posture

smooth coordinated movements

51
Q

what are the parts of the brain stem?

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla oblongata
  • reticular activating system
52
Q

what does the midbrain do?

A

contains reflex centres for visual, auditory and tactile resposnses

53
Q

what does the pons do?

A

functions with medulla oblongata to regulate breathing rate

54
Q

what does the medulla oblongata do?

A

regulates heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure

reflex centres for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccupping and swallowing

Biology 12 (4 decks)

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