Chapter 2 Key Terms

Question 1

alcohol

Answer 1

compounds in which one or more hydrogens of a parent hydrocarbon have been replaced by the functional group -OH (hydroxyl group)

Question 2

alkanes

Answer 2

compounds of carbon and hydrogen containing only carbon-carbon single bonds

Question 3

angstroms

Answer 3

common non-SI unit of length used to measure atomic dimensions

Question 4

anions

Answer 4

negatively charged ions

Question 5

atomic number

Answer 5

number of protons in nucleus of atom

Question 6

atomic weight

Answer 6

average mass of the atoms of an element in atomic mass units (amu); numerically equal to the mass in grams/mole

Question 7

ball-and-stick model

Answer 7

model that depicts atoms as spheres and bonds as sticks

Question 8

cathode rays

Answer 8

streams of electrons that are produced when a high voltage is applied to electrodes in an evacuated tube

Question 9

cations

Answer 9

positively charged ions

Question 10

chemical formula

Answer 10

notation that uses chemical symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of the different elements in a substance

Question 11

chemical nomenclature

Answer 11

set of rules for naming chemical compounds

Question 12

diatomic molecule

Answer 12

contains 2 atoms

Question 13

electronic charge

Answer 13

negative charge carried by an electron

Question 14

electrons

Answer 14

negatively charged subatomic particle

Question 15

empirical formula

Answer 15

chemical formula that shows the kinds of atoms and their relative numbers in a substance is the smallest possible whole-number ratios

Question 16

group

Answer 16

elements that are in the same column of the period table

Question 17

hydrocarbons

Answer 17

compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen

Question 18

ionic compounds

Answer 18

compound composed of cations and anions (metal and nonmetal)

Question 19

ions

Answer 19

electrically charged atom or group of atoms

Question 20

isotope

Answer 20

atoms of same element differing in mass number

Question 21

mass number

Answer 21

sum of protons and neutrons in atom

Question 22

mass spectrometer

Answer 22

instrument used to measure the precise masses and relative amounts of atomic and molecular ions

Question 23

metallic elements (metals)

Answer 23

elements that are usually solids at room temperature, exhibit high electrical and heat conductivity, and appear lustrous

Question 24

metalloids

Answer 24

elements that have properties of metals and nonmetals

Question 25

molecular formula

Answer 25

chemical formula that indicates the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule

Question 26

molecular compound

Answer 26

compound consisting of molecules

Question 27

neutrons

Answer 27

electrically neutral particle

Question 28

nonmetallic elements (nonmetals)

Answer 28

elements that differ from metals in physical and chemical properties

Question 29

nuclear model

Answer 29

model of the atom with a very small and extremely dense nucleus containing most of the mass and with electrons in the space outside the nucleus

Question 30

nucleus

Answer 30

very small, dense, positively charged portion of an atom

Question 31

organic acids/carboxylic acids

Answer 31

acid containing -COOH function group

Question 32

organic chemistry

Answer 32

study of compounds containing carbon

Question 33

oxyanions

Answer 33

polyatomic anion containing 1+ oxygen atoms

Question 34

period

Answer 34

row of elements

Question 35

periodic table

Answer 35

arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number

Question 36

polyatomic ions

Answer 36

electrically charged group of two or more atoms

Question 37

protons

Answer 37

positively charged subatomic particle

Question 38

radioactivity

Answer 38

spontaneous emission of radiation by atoms

Question 39

space-filling-model

Answer 39

model that shows relative sizes of atoms

Question 40

structural formula

Answer 40

formula showing not only the number and kinds of atoms in the molecule but also the arrangement of atoms

Question 41

subatomic particle

Answer 41

particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons that are smaller than an atom