Chapter 2 Key Terms Flashcards
alcohol
compounds in which one or more hydrogens of a parent hydrocarbon have been replaced by the functional group -OH (hydroxyl group)
alkanes
compounds of carbon and hydrogen containing only carbon-carbon single bonds
angstroms
common non-SI unit of length used to measure atomic dimensions
anions
negatively charged ions
atomic number
number of protons in nucleus of atom
atomic weight
average mass of the atoms of an element in atomic mass units (amu); numerically equal to the mass in grams/mole
ball-and-stick model
model that depicts atoms as spheres and bonds as sticks
cathode rays
streams of electrons that are produced when a high voltage is applied to electrodes in an evacuated tube
cations
positively charged ions
chemical formula
notation that uses chemical symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of the different elements in a substance
chemical nomenclature
set of rules for naming chemical compounds
diatomic molecule
contains 2 atoms
electronic charge
negative charge carried by an electron
electrons
negatively charged subatomic particle
empirical formula
chemical formula that shows the kinds of atoms and their relative numbers in a substance is the smallest possible whole-number ratios
group
elements that are in the same column of the period table
hydrocarbons
compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen
ionic compounds
compound composed of cations and anions (metal and nonmetal)
ions
electrically charged atom or group of atoms
isotope
atoms of same element differing in mass number
mass number
sum of protons and neutrons in atom
mass spectrometer
instrument used to measure the precise masses and relative amounts of atomic and molecular ions
metallic elements (metals)
elements that are usually solids at room temperature, exhibit high electrical and heat conductivity, and appear lustrous
metalloids
elements that have properties of metals and nonmetals
molecular formula
chemical formula that indicates the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule
molecular compound
compound consisting of molecules
neutrons
electrically neutral particle
nonmetallic elements (nonmetals)
elements that differ from metals in physical and chemical properties
nuclear model
model of the atom with a very small and extremely dense nucleus containing most of the mass and with electrons in the space outside the nucleus
nucleus
very small, dense, positively charged portion of an atom
organic acids/carboxylic acids
acid containing -COOH function group
organic chemistry
study of compounds containing carbon
oxyanions
polyatomic anion containing 1+ oxygen atoms
period
row of elements
periodic table
arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number
polyatomic ions
electrically charged group of two or more atoms
protons
positively charged subatomic particle
radioactivity
spontaneous emission of radiation by atoms
space-filling-model
model that shows relative sizes of atoms
structural formula
formula showing not only the number and kinds of atoms in the molecule but also the arrangement of atoms
subatomic particle
particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons that are smaller than an atom
