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General Chemistry 1 > Chapter 1 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

absolute zero

A

lowest temperature attainable; temperature at which all thermal motion ceases

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2
Q

accuracy

A

how well a measurement agrees with the true value

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3
Q

atoms

A

building blocks of matter

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4
Q

Celsius scale

A

water freezes at 0 and boils at 100

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5
Q

changes of state

A

physical changes of matter from one state to a different one

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6
Q

chemical change/chemical reaction

A

processes in which a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance

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7
Q

chemical properties

A

properties that describe the way a substance may change, or react, to form other substances

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8
Q

chemistry

A

study of composition, structure, properties, and changes of matter

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9
Q

chromatography

A

separation based on differing abilities of substance to adhere to the surfaces of solids

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10
Q

compound

A

substance composed to 2+ elements bonded in definite proportions

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11
Q

density

A

amount of mass in a unit volume

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12
Q

derived unit

A

unit obtained by multiplication or division of one or more of the SI base units

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13
Q

dimensional analysis

A

method of problem solving in which units are multiplied together or divided into each other along with the numerical values

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14
Q

distillation

A

separation process that depends on differing boiling points of substances

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15
Q

elements

A

substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances

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16
Q

energy

A

the capacity to do work or transfer heat

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17
Q

extensive properties

A

property that depends on the amount of sample considered

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18
Q

filtration

A

physical separation process by states of matter

19
Q

gas

A

matter than has no fixed volume or shape; uniformly fills its container

20
Q

heat

A

energy used to cause temperature increase

21
Q

intensive properties

A

property that does not depend on the amount of sample being examined

22
Q

joule

A

SI unit of energy = kg*m^2/s^2

23
Q

Kelvin scale

A

SI temperature scale

24
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy associated with motion of an object

25
Q

law of constant composition/law of definite proportion

A

the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same

26
Q

liquid

A

matter that has a distinct volume independent of its container

27
Q

mass

A

measure of the amount of material in an object

28
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

29
Q

metric system

A

system of measurement used in science and most countries; meter and gram are examples

30
Q

mixtures

A

combination of 2+ substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity

31
Q

molecule

A

comprised of 2+ atoms arranged in a certain way

32
Q

physical change

A

changes in physical appearance (such as phase change) that occur with no change in chemical composition

33
Q

physical properties

A

properties that can be measured without changing the composition of a substance

34
Q

potential energy

A

energy an object possesses by virtue of its position relative to other objects

35
Q

precision

A

how closely different measurements agree with one another

36
Q

property

A

characteristic giving matter a unique identity

37
Q

pure substance

A

matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties

38
Q

SI units

A

preferred metric units for use in science

39
Q

significant figures

A

digits that indicate the precision with which a measurement is made; last digit is uncertain

40
Q

solid

A

matter that has both definite shape and volume

41
Q

solution

A

mixture of substance that has a uniform composition; homogenous mixture

42
Q

states of matter

A

three forms that matter can assume: solid, liquid, gas

43
Q

temperature

A

measure of the hotness or coldness of an object; physical property that determines the direction of heat flow

44
Q

work

A

energy transferred when a force exerted on an object causes displacement

General Chemistry 1 (20 decks)

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