Chapter 2 - Integrative approaches

Question 1

Diathesis

Answer 1

Consitutional predisposition to disease

any characteristic/set of characteristics that increase a person’s chance of developing a disorder

Question 2

Stress (in diathesis-stress model)

Answer 2

Environmental disruptions (life stressors)

Question 3

Additive diathesis-stress

Answer 3

Diathesis makes the disorder + likely to happen, but happens anyways because of stress (parallel lines)

Question 4

Interactive diathesis-stress

Answer 4

Diathesis makes the disorder happen or not, no matter the stress level (non-parallel lines)

Question 5

Name some categories of sociocultural risk factors (sociocultural perspective)

Answer 5

Unemployment
Low SES
Prejudice and discrimination
Violence/homelessness

Question 6

Why are women at greater risk for some mental disorders?

Answer 6

Worries about things that men dont
Pay gap - unemployment
single parenting
Sexual violence
BUT, men dont speak up as much as women

Question 7

How can the social environment infuence disorders

Answer 7

Can make us + vulnerable (bullying, peer rejection, parental influences, neglect/abuse, etc)
Or can make us - vulnerable (protective factors, warmth relationships, parents, acceptance, inclusion, help, etc)

Question 8

Eclectism in psychotherapy

Answer 8

view that adapting a therapy with many different theoretical approaches is best than sticking to only 1

Question 9

Name the 3 parenting styles

Answer 9

Authoritarian: restrictive and overcontrolling
Children will internalize or externalize problems
Permissive: show little implication in the child’s life
Children will internalize or externalize problems
Authoritative: uses discipline, but with warmth and reason

Question 10

Factors that affect the children when a parent is suffering from a mental illness

Answer 10

• Good days vs bad days: uncertainty
  
  • Caregiving activities (children taking care of parents and/or siblings)
  • Bottled-up emotions: lack of opportunity to express emotions
  • Pervasive fear: of violence, suicide, etc
  • School as a refuge
  • Children try to save the situation
  • Lack of public interaction (to avoid embarassment from parents behaviour)

Question 11

Rejection sensitivity

Answer 11

how one perceives social rejection (can play on levels of loneliness)
Linked with the parenting style

Question 12

What seems to be the solution to help Aboriginal communities with their mental health

Answer 12

solutions to mental health problems of Aboriginal People do not stop at psychological interventions; require societal and economic change as well

Question 13

Healthy immigrant effect, and what can remove it

Answer 13

screening stops ppl with mental health problems or health problems to enter Canada - immigrants have lower rates of mental health problems (only for adults - not systematic)
• BUT: poor language proficiency, absence of sense of belonging, limited friendliness of neighbors, accessing health care increase mental health problems (those factors limit the effect)

Question 14

Differential susceptibility

Answer 14

factor to take into consideration in the diathesis component
Tendency for the same factor to be a risk factor in some situations and a protective factor in others (ex: interpersonal sensitivity can be a risk factor when being criticized but a protective factor when being praised)

Question 15

Biopsychosocial paradigm is composed of…

Answer 15

Psychological factors (personality, cognition, social skills, etc)
Biological factors (genetic predispositions, brain structure, etc)
Social factors (SES, major traumatic events, cultural standards, etc)

Question 16

Diathesis-stress paradigm

Answer 16

links biological, psychological, and environmental factors (assumes that all those factors wll affect the individual)

Focuses on interactions between predispositions towards disease and environmental/life disturbances

Question 17

Name some possible risk factors (stress) in the diathesis-stress model

Answer 17

• Early deprivation/trauma (separation, neglect, abuse)
• Inadequate parenting styles (warmth, control, bidirectional relationship)
• Marital discord/divorce
• Maladaptive peer relationships (bullying, rejection)

Question 18

Define the sociocultural perspective

Answer 18

The social environment can be a source of vulnerability or resistance to mental disorders

Question 19

Why are cross-cultural studies important?

Answer 19

• The prevalence/form that some disorders take varies among cultures
• Many disorders are fairly universal
• There are some culture-specific syndromes

Question 20

Prescriptive eclectic therapy

Answer 20

eclectic therapy might be the norm rather than the exception

Question 21

Peer victimization

Answer 21

can include bullying and other forms, influences the child in man y ways

Question 22

Popular children as a protective factor

Answer 22

better adjusted, less at risk for depression/anxiety-related diseases later on

Question 23

Multicultural counselling and therapy

Answer 23

Treatments with interventions that have been modified to address issues, beliefs, and dialogues that characterize people from various cultures.