chapter 2: History of Developmental Psychology

Question 1

how have mortality rate change?

Answer 1

there were drastic reduction in infant mortality due to improvement in medicine and sanitation from the 20th century

Question 2

how has the labelling of the developing person hchanged?

Answer 2

until 17th century there were only two stages of development, however, there are many stages nowdays

Question 3

how has the perceived value of children changed?

Answer 3

it changed from labourers to an economic liability/ intrinsically value

Question 4

how have views of brand new human beings changed?

Answer 4

1. original sin: humans are born selfish and sutubborn
2. tabula rasa: humans are neither good nor bad, parents become more interested in nurturing
3. innate goodness: humans are naturally good/ children are viewed as delicate.

Question 5

how has the view of who are the expert changed?

Answer 5

clergy were considered the expert on raising offspring historically. people began to turn to science.

Question 6

how did Charles Darwin contribute to developmental psychology?

Answer 6

Charles Darwin made a ‘baby biography’

Question 7

what was the problem with his work?

Answer 7

his records were biased

Question 8

how did Stanley Hall contribute to developmental psychology?

Answer 8

He identifies norms, the average age at which milestones happen (walking, menopause), using more objective research.

Question 9

what is a normative investigation?

Answer 9

seek to determine the landmarks of development

Question 10

what is the difference between chronological age and developmental age?

Answer 10

chronological age is refered to the amount of time a person has been alive while developmental age is the point at which someone falls in term of developmental stage.

Question 11

waht is longitudinal research?

Answer 11

seeks to study development over time to investigate age changes in individuals.

Question 12

what are some pros of longitudinal reseach?

Answer 12

it yields information on stability vs. change over time

Question 13

what are some cons of longitudinal reseach?

Answer 13

studies take long time and attrition (dropping out) is common.

Question 14

what is cross selectional research?

Answer 14

it observes and compares subjects of different ages.

Question 15

what are some pros?

Answer 15

information is gathered without waiting for individuals to age.

Question 16

what is a cohort effect?

Answer 16

groups of people born at the same time experience cultural events unique to their age group.

Question 17

what is sequential research?

Answer 17

it combines longitudinal and cross selectional research. begin with at least two age groups, then study each group over time.