chapter 10: Piaget's theory of childhood cognitive development

Question 1

how does Piaget propose that cognitive development proceeds?

Answer 1

He proposes that children move from one stage to the next by interacting with the physical environment to actively construct their own understanding (universal constructivist theory)

Question 2

what is Piaget’s universal constructivist theory?

Answer 2

children moving from one stage to the next by interacting with the physical environment to actively construct their own understanding

Question 3

what is a scheme?

Answer 3

a basic set concepts, gained through personal exploration, which characterize the world around us. (how things act or can be acted upon)

Question 4

what is assimilation?

Answer 4

occurs when a stimulus is acted upon or understood in terms of existing schemes.

Question 5

what is accommodation

Answer 5

occurs when encountering new stimuli or events causes a change in existing ways of thinking, understanding, or behaving.

Question 6

what characterizes Piaget’s sensorimotor sub stage?

Answer 6

mental life begins as the infant interacts with the physical world through their senses and bodies

Question 7

when does this period take place?

Answer 7

from birth to 2 years

Question 8

what characterizes each sensorimotor sub stage:

1- simple reflexes?

Answer 8

first month: newborns use inborn reflexes to explore the world (sucking, grasping), some reflexes begin to show accommodation (suck on different objects differently)

Question 9

2- what characterizes primary circular reactions?

Answer 9

1 to 4 months: they occur at first by chance but due to their interesting effects, they are repeated over and over

Question 10

3- what characterizes secondary circular reactions?

Answer 10

4 to 8 months: infants try to repeat interesting events that they cause in the surrounding environment (coordinated actions are no longer limited to their own body).

Question 11

4- what characterizes the coordination of secondary circular reactions?

Answer 11

8 to 12 months: infants demonstrate goal-directed behavior in which several schemes are coordinated to solve a problem.

Question 12

5- what characterizes the tertiary circular reactions?

Answer 12

12 to 18 months: infants are no longer limited to simply repeating interesting actions. they perform experiments by deliberately varying their actions to observe the consequences.

Question 13

6- what characterizes the beginning of thought?

Answer 13

18 to 24 months: external exploration is replaced mental exploration using representational thought (the ability to picture objects and events in the mind).

Question 14

what is the link between peek-a-boo and representational thought

Answer 14

to be completed

Question 15

what is object permanence

Answer 15

the ability to mentally represent objects in order to understand that they continue to exist even though they cannot be seen, heard, or touched

Question 16

at what age did Piaget find that infants search for hidden object?

Answer 16

by 10 to 12 months

Question 17

what is the A-not-B error?

Answer 17

to be added

Question 18

what is invisible displacement?

Answer 18

to be added

Question 19

when did Piaget suggest children fully get object permanence?

Answer 19

by 2 years

Question 20

understanding Baillarigeon’s follow up experiment on object permanence

Answer 20

to be added

Question 21

how was this research done?

Answer 21

to be added

Question 22

what does it suggest about younger infants’ understanding of object permanence?

Answer 22

to be added

Question 23

what characterizes Piaget’s preoperational stage?

Answer 23

to be added

Question 24

when does this period take place?

Answer 24

2 to 7 years

Question 25

what characterizes Piaget’s concrete operational stage?

Answer 25

to be added

Question 26

when does it take place?

Answer 26

7 to 11 years

Question 27

what do we mean by concrete thinking?

Answer 27

to be added

Question 28

what is deductive reasoning?

Answer 28

to be added

Question 29

do concrete operational kids tend to succeed with deductive reasoning?

Answer 29

to be added

Question 30

what characterizes Piaget’s formal operational stage?

Answer 30

to be added

Question 31

when does it take place?

Answer 31

12 years and up

Question 32

what do we mean by abstract thinking?

Answer 32

to be added

Question 33

does everybody reach this stage?

Answer 33

to be added

Question 34

what characterizes the proposed “postfortmal” stage?

Answer 34

to be added

Question 35

what is relativistic thought?

Answer 35

to be added

Question 36

what is pragmatic thought?

Answer 36

to be added