Chapter 2: Historical Antecedents in Science & Technology

Question 1

It is defined as a precursor to the unfolding or existence of something.

Answer 1

Antecedent.

Question 2

These are factors that paved the way for the presence of advanced and sophisticated scientific and technological innovations today.

Answer 2

Historical antecedents in science and technology.

Question 3

Who invented the wheel?

Answer 3

No one knows exactly who.

Question 4

The ancient wheel grew out of a mechanical device called the ______’s _____, a heavy flat disk made of hardened clay which was spun horizontally on an axis.

Answer 4

Potter’s wheel.

Question 5

It is believed that the Ancient Sumerians invented the potter’s wheel shortly after?

Answer 5

3500 B.C.

Question 6

The invention of the ancient wheel is often credited to?

Answer 6

Sumerians.

Question 7

Roughly around 3000 B.C., the ancient Egyptians began writing on what material that is similar to thick paper?

Answer 7

Papyrus.

Question 8

Papyrus is made from the pith of the papyrus plant. What is the scientific name of this plant?

Answer 8

Cyperus papyrus.

Question 9

It was an early tool invented and used by the ancient Egyptians to irrigate land.

Answer 9

Shadoof / Shaduf.

Question 10

It was a hand-operated device used for lifting water.

Answer 10

Shadoof / Shaduf.

Question 11

The invention of the shadoof/shaduf introduced the idea of lifting things using?

Answer 11

Counterweights.

Question 12

This was discovered in 1902 and retrieved from the waters of Antikythera, Greece. It is a similar to a mantel clock.

Answer 12

Antikythera mechanism.

Question 13

It is widely believed that this was used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses for calendar and astrological purposes.

Answer 13

Antikythera mechanism.

Question 14

The Antikythera mechanism is believed to have been invented by Greek scientists in the years?

Answer 14

150-100 B.C.

Question 15

Also known as Hero’s engine, this is widely believed to be the ancient precursor to the steam engine.

Answer 15

Aeolipile.

Question 16

Who is credited for the demonstration of the use of the aeolipile in the 1st century AD?

Answer 16

Hero of Alexandria.

Question 17

It is a steam-powered turbine which spun when the water container at its center was heated, thus making it practically the first rudimentary steam engine.

Answer 17

Aeolipile.

Question 18

It is perhaps one of the most important technological innovations during the Middle Ages.

Answer 18

Heavy plough.

Question 19

Through the invention of the heavy plough, it became possible to harness?

Answer 19

Clay soil.

Question 20

It stirred an agricultural revolution in Northern Europe marked by higher and healthier agricultural yields and more efficient agricultural practices.

Answer 20

Heavy plough.

Question 21

Around what year did Chinese alchemists accidentally invent black powder?

Answer 21

850 AD.

Question 22

The gunpowder might have been an unintended byproducts of attempts made by the Chinese to invent the elixir of life. The Chinese called gunpowder “huo yao”, which translates to?

Answer 22

“Fire potion.”

Question 23

The first known versions of paper money could be traced back to the Chinese in what century?

Answer 23

17th Century AD.

Question 24

The first known versions of paper money were an offshoot of the invention of block printing, which is similar to?

Answer 24

Stamping.

Question 25

Before the introduction of paper money, what precious metals were used as currency?

Answer 25

Gold and silver.

Question 26

The development of this paved the way for accurately keeping track of time.

Answer 26

Mechanical clocks.

Question 27

It was not until the ______ ____ that clockwork technology was developed.

Answer 27

Middle Ages.

Question 28

It is a machine used for transforming fiber into thread or yarn and eventually woven into a cloth on a loom.

Answer 28

Spinning wheel.

Question 29

Who are theorized to have invented the spinning wheel between the 6th and 11th centuries AD?

Answer 29

Indians.

Question 30

He is credited for the invention of the first compound microscope in 1590.

Answer 30

Zaccharias Jansen.

Question 31

Today, it is an important instrument in many scientific studies such as in the areas of medicine, forensic studies, tissue analysis, atomic studies, and genetics.

Answer 31

Compound microscope.

Question 32

Who invented the practical telescope?

Answer 32

Galileo Galilei.

Question 33

The practical telescope could magnify objects up to ______ times larger than the Dutch perspective glasses.

Answer 33

Twenty (20).

Question 34

Who first used the telescope skyward and made important astronomical discoveries, and identified the presence of craters and mountains on the moon?

Answer 34

Galileo Galilei.

Question 35

This is considered as one of the most critical drivers of the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 35

Jacquard loom.

Question 36

The Jacquard loom was built by which French weaver?

Answer 36

Joseph Marie Jacquard.

Question 37

In what year did Jacquard demonstrate the ingenuity of his version of a loom?

Answer 37

1801.

Question 38

Who are credited for designing and successfully operating the first engine-powered aircraft?

Answer 38

Orville Wright & Wilbur Wright.

Question 39

Which Scottish engineer is largely credited for the invention of the modern television?

Answer 39

John Logie Baird.

Question 40

In what year did John Logie Baird successfully televise objects in outline?

Answer 40

1924.

Question 41

In what year did John Logie Baird successfully televise human faces?

Answer 41

1925.

Question 42

In what year did John Logie Baird successfully televise moving objects?

Answer 42

1926.

Question 43

In what year did John Logie Baird successfully televise his colored images?

Answer 43

1928.