Chapter 2 Health and Wellness Flashcards
Holistic Health
Multi-factorial
Realizing the potential of the individual
How they function within the context of their environment
Maximizing the individuals capability
(looking at the entire person, not just the disease)
Health and Wellness
- In medicine, health is absence of disease
- Conformity to physical and mental capacity norms indicates one’s health status.
Healthy aging
“…the process of slowing down, physically and cognitively, while resiliently adapting and compensating in order to optimally function and participate in all areas of one’s life (physical, cognitive, social, and spiritual).”
7 Dimensions of Wellness
Physical Emotional Spiritual Intellectual Environmental Occupational Social
Physical Wellness Model is enhanced through:
- Regular physical activity
- Diet and nutrition
- Avoidance of tobacco, drugs, and excessive alcohol consuption
Emotional Wellness Model
- Awareness and acceptance of one’s feelings.
- Ability to form relationships based on mutual commitment, trust, and respect.
- Positive self image and enthusiastic about life.
- Ability to cope effectively with stress.
- All about: How positive and enthusiastic you feel about life.
Spiritual Wellness
Recognizes the search for meaning and purpose in our lives.
Taking time to reflect and connect with the universe.
Spirituality and Religion are not the same thing.
Intellectual Wellness
Expanding one’s knowledge and skills throughout life.
Discovering new skills and interests
Challenging oneself through creative stimulating mental activities
Environmental Wellness
Protecting resources
Creating living spaces and practices the respect and support the environment
Occupational Wellness
- Doing what you love
- Contributing your unique gifts, skills, and talents to work that is personally meaningful and rewarding
- Balancing work with leisure time
Social Wellness
- Importance of staying engaged in meaningful activities
- Relationships
- Building a better world: current and future generations
How we view our health
- Tend to view health in terms of ability to care for ourselves.
- Non-minorities view their health better than minorities
- When assessing wellness: Individual’s perception of wellness
Key strategies for improving health of older people
Healthy lifestyle behaviors
Injury prevention
Delivery of culturally appropriate clinical preventive services
Immunization and preventive screenings
Self-management techniques for chronic illnesses
Disability and Chronic Illness
-Current generation of older people generally healthier than earlier cohorts.
-Rates of disability and chronic illness are declining or stabilizing, but remain higher among racially and ethnically diverse older adults.
-What is the point?
Premature death = decreased
Functional Decline related to Chronic diseases = last 5 years of life -> Already seen with arthritis, arteriosclerosis and respiratory problems
Chronic Illness
- Incidence increases with age
- More than 80% of adults over age 70 have at least one chronic condition and 50% have multiple health problems
- Heart disease, hypertension, cancer, arthritis, and diabetes are most common chronic conditions in older adults
- Prevention and management of chronic illness is a priority for all health care professionals
Causes of death
- Heart disease, stroke, and cancer remain the leading causes of death in older adults.
- Alzheimer’s disease has surpassed diabetes as a leading cause of death.
- Genomics is involved in 9/10 leading causes of death
Prevention and Health Promotion for older adults: Cognitive
Learn new things
Take classes
Keep abreast of current events
Participate in activities
Most common chronic conditions in older adults (5)
Heart disease Hypertension Cancer Arthritis Diabetes
Leading causes of death in older adults (3)
Heart disease
Stroke
Cancer
Genomic (genetic) considerations in causes of death
Diseases of the heart Malignant neoplasms Cerebrovascular diseases Chronic lower respiratory diseases Alzheimer's disease Diabetes mellitus Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal disease Parkinson's disease
Primary prevention of disease
Healthy lifestyle behaviors
Stress management
Active social engagement
Cognitive stimulation
Secondary prevention of disease
Evidence-based screening guidelines and immunizations
Annual wellness visits
Personalized prevention plan
Not a diagnosis, but is high risk
Medicare Coverage for Preventive Services
Primarily for secondary prevention of disease (screening and immunizations)
