Chapter 2: Global Aging and Older Immigrants in the United States Flashcards
T or F: “old” is a relative term
true
It feels like time is moving _____ as we get older
faster
“Old” can be relative to…
- you
- common era
- profession
- social roles
Characteristics of cross-sectional study
- one point in time
- different samples
- between subjects
- delivers snapshot in given point in time
Characteristics of longitudinal study
- multiple points in time
- same sample
- within subjects
- provides details of changes overtime
Limitations of longitudinal studies
- expensive
- can lose track of people over time
- subject attrition
Types of sequential designs
- time
- cohort
- cross (most accurate)
About how long is a generation?
15 years (+/- 3 years)
Lost generation
- 1883-1900
- displaced because if WWI
Greatest generation
- 1901-1927
- survived great depression and fought WWII
Silent generation
- 1928-1945
- born during depression and established civil rights movement
- *less of them due to decreased birth rate during depression and WWII
Baby boomers
- 1946-1964
- economy was prosperous, so had lots of kids
Generation X
- 1965-1980
- decrease in population due to women entering the workforce late 60s-70s
Generation Y/millenials
- 1981-1996
- first generation with internet and the great recession
Generation Z/zoomers
- 1997-2012
- technology, sedentary lifestyle
Generation alpha
- early 2010s-mid 2020s
- idk tiktok?
Define global aging
the phenomenon if increases in proportion and numbers of elders in developed and developing countries
2 factors that contribute to larger world population
1) declining death rates in developed countries
2) high birth rates in developing countries
The median age and proportion of older people are…
increasing
Factors that affect life expectancy
- better public health practices
- advances in medical technology
- availability of medicines to treat certain diseases
According to the textbook, which country has the highest life expectancy at birth as of 2012?
Japan
The greatest population growth will be among people in their…
40s, 50s, 60s
Define demographic divide
dichotomy between the needs of young and old in countries where both age groups need some assistance
How will a high birthrate affect the country’s median age?
it will help it from rising quickly
There is no international standard for classifying someone as “old”, but the UN tends to use age ___
60 (tied to pension and retirement criteria)
Currently, ___ % of older adults live in developing countries
60
What will happen to older adults as a result of diminished retirement investments and to reduce economic burden?
many will have to work past age 65
T or F: chronological age is the same as biological age
false
What has made it attractive for workers to retire in their 50s and early 60s?
state pension plans and early retirement incentives
As a result of declining younger populations and retirement of middle-aged workers, companies are having what issue?
replacing skilled workers with new employees who have the necessary qualifications
Many developed countries are implementing incentives for (and removing barriers against)…
longer employment
For EU leaders, the goal is to have ___% of employees aged 55-64 make up the workforce
50
_____ countries are seen as having excellent “cradle-to-grave” social programs
scandinavian
What do Scandinavian countries prioritize for elder care?
living in their own homes for as long as possible
Define comparative sociocultural gerontology
comparing the experiences of older adults across various cultures
Define anthropology of aging
the exploration and understanding of aging within and across the diversity of human cultures
Define traditional societies
preindustrial and multigenerational family units, long-standing norms and values and tradition-based social culture
Elders may be afforded more respect within _____ societies
traditional
Traditional societies tend to be culturally _____
homogenous
Resources that older people control in traditional societies
- time-honoured skills and knowledge
- security bestowed by property rights
- civil and political power
- information control
- contributions to welfare of families and society through services like child care
Define filial piety
a sense of respectful obedience that has traditionally encouraged care for one’s aging family members in Asian cultures
Define modernization theory
advances in technology, applied sciences, urbanization and literacy, which are related o a decline in the status of older people
Communication and scientific technology create new jobs for the _____, while _____ workers remain in traditional occupations
young, older
T or F: the highest rates of urban growth are expected in the poorest parts of the world
true
As societies modernize, older people lose…
political and social power, influence and leadership
Modernization contributes to lower status of older adults through these societal changes:
- urbanization
- communications technology
- health technology
- scientific technology
- literacy and mass education
The number of foreign immigrants has been _____
increasing
_____ and _____ rates are high in immigrant elders
social isolation, depression
What can exacerbate immigrant elders’ difficulties in accessing Western health care?
language and cultural barriers
Why may immigrant elders face barriers in receiving social security benefits?
they only apply to those who were employed at least 10 years
Poverty rate in immigrant elders is _____
high
Multigenerational and extended family living arrangements are _____
growing
Challenges faced by older refugees:
- mental health issues
- being forced to leave their homelands
- financial self-sufficiency
