Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HS 4705: Aging and Community Health > Chapter 1: The Older Population in the United States > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Older Population in the United States Flashcards

1
Q

Describe baby boomers

A
  • born between 1946 and 1964
  • more highly educated, healthier, have a high % of women in labour force, hold professional jobs, more diverse than prior cohorts
  • “senior boom”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define demographics

A

study of populations and their characteristics in a society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define trends

A

changes that occur in populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define population aging

A

the aging of an entire population
i.e., declines in birth rates AND death rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T or F: population aging does not differ from the individual aging process

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main reason for older populations?

A

increased life expectancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why does the US lag behind in life expectancy?

A
  • poor prenatal and early childhood services
  • unhealthy foods and lifestyle
  • increasing rates of poverty, obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and cigarette smoking
  • income inequality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why has life expectancy increased?

A
  • eradication of diseases that cause infant/childhood mortality
  • improved sanitation, antibiotics, medical advances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Because people live older today, what are they more likely to live with?

A

chronic diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T or F: females live longer than men

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do females live longer than males?

A
  • biological factors (X chromosomes)
  • lifestyle factors (increased preventative health behaviour and decreased risky behaviour)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

____ who survive beyond age 85 have fewer chronic illnesses or disabilities

A

men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do elders of colour have lower life expectancy?

A

health care disparities
- unequal access earlier in life
- inequities as children and young adults in poverty, education, and health care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define crossover effect

A

elders of colour who survive beyond age 75 have longer life expectancies after age 75 than their white counterparts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____ women live the longest

A

Asian American

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define maximum lifespan

A

the biologically programmed maximum number of years that each species can expect to live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the maximum lifespan for humans?

A

120 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the ideal survival curve or compression of morbidity?

A

where almost all people would survive to maximum lifespan because chronic disease would be eliminated or managed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the “pig in the python” phenomenon?

A

when bulge of population pyramid moves higher up as older population surpasses younger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define dependency ratio

A

the number of people age 65 and older to every 100 people of traditional working age (18-64)

21
Q

Define support ratio

A

the relationships between the proportion that is employed (productive) vs not in the workforce (dependent)

22
Q

T or F: older population is the greatest dependent population

A

false, those under age 16 are

23
Q

Define young-old

A

age 65-74

24
Q

Define old-old

A

age 75-84

25
Q

Define oldest-old

A

age 85+

26
Q

Which old cohort is growing most rapidly? (i.e., young-old, old-old, oldest-old)

A

oldest-old

27
Q

Define “silver tsunami”

A

the fact that the growth of the oldest-old has profound consequences for families, health, workforce, politics, housing, etc.

28
Q

There are more ____ than ____ living to oldest-old

A

women, men

29
Q

Who are the oldest old?

A
  • women
  • widowed women
  • married men
  • foreign born
  • less education
  • lower income (poverty)
  • in hospitals and long-term care
30
Q

The majority of oldest-old rate their health as _____

A

good or excellent

31
Q

Define centenarian

A

those who live to age 100 and older

32
Q

Most centenarians are…

A
  • healthy, mentally alert, free of major disability, able to perform ADLs
  • generally do not suffer from chronic illnesses associated with age
  • free from genetic mutations associated with Alzheimer’s
33
Q

Define super-centenarian

A

those who live to age 110 and older

34
Q

Centenarians and super-centenarians have…

A

fewer chronic illnesses and physical disabilities

35
Q

Only about ___ of aging is heritable

A

1/3

36
Q

Define hardiness

A

how well an individual copes with disease and stressors (affected by genetics AND past experiences)

37
Q

Which cohort represents the hardiest segment of their birth cohort?

A

men who survive to age 90

38
Q

List behavioural and personality traits central to longevity

A
  • not smoking
  • optimism
  • humour
  • adaptability
  • willingness to try new things
  • being extroverted and easygoing
  • staying lean
39
Q

The population of age 65 and older is more _____ than any other age group

A

heterogeneous

40
Q

The proportion of older persons is predicted to increase at a higher rate for the _____ population than for _____

A

non-white, non-hispanic white

41
Q

Which population is defined by “the most invisible of an already invisible minority”?

A

LGBT elders

42
Q

Why might the aging experience be more difficult for LGBT elders?

A
  • stigma may result in increased social isolation and mental distress
  • disparities in accessing health care
43
Q

T or F: older adults are evenly distributed

A

false

44
Q

Future generations will be _____ educated than their grandparents

A

better

45
Q

Define compression of morbidity

A

long periods of healthy, active, high-quality existence, and short periods of illness and dependency in the last few years of life

46
Q

How does compression of morbidity minimize premature death?

A

disease and functional decline are compressed into a brief period of 3-5 years before death

47
Q

More people will achieve _____ in the future due to healthier lifestyles and better health care during youth

A

maximum lifespan

48
Q

T or F: compression of morbidity has not continued

A

True

49
Q

Elders of the future will experience _____ dependent life expectancy and _____ active life expectancy

A

longer, shorter

HS 4705: Aging and Community Health (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions