Chapter 2: Genetic Reproductive Choices Flashcards
observable characteristics is…
phenotype
genetic make up is…
Genotype
many traits are polygenic which means
they are influenced by multiple genes
many genes are pleiotropic which means
they influence multiple traits
environmental influence’s can modify…
the expression of genes
homozygous means
same allele from both parents (traits will be displayed)
describe dominant recessive inheritance
if heterozygous, dominant trait will be displayed
describe incomplete dominance
if heterozygous, combination of traits may be displayed (ex. sickle cell anemia)
x linked means
allele carried on X chromosomes (more likely to affect XY individuals)
mutations are
spontaneous or environmental, occurring to gametes or during life
what is epigenetics?
the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.
heritability estimates…
range from 0-1, representing how much variation is explained by heredity in general for a population – not individual people
usually higher with age
what are the different gene environment correlations?
passive (parental choices)
evocative (responses from others)
active (child choices)
children exposed to the same environment will
respond differently, depending on genetic factors
what does the Diathesis-stress model describe?
People have genetic predisposition to develop certain traits
will not manifest without right environmental trigger
present in genotype but not phenotype
