chapter 2: generating testable ideas

Question 1

2 important criteria when publishing work

Answer 1

is my idea interesting? (beneficial to society, test a prediction, or develop areas of research)

is my idea novel? (original, adding to or building upon literature)

Question 2

theory

Answer 2

broad statement used to account for an existing body of knowledge, as well as provide unique predictions to exten that body of knowledge (generally accepted explanation of evidence)

Question 3

3 important criteria for hypotheses

Answer 3

testable/falsifiable
replicable/precise
parsimonious (simple)

Question 4

deductive reasoning

Answer 4

Top-down

Claim (hypothesis or theory) is used to generate ideas or predictions and make observations

Question 5

Inductive reasoning:

Answer 5

Bottom-up

Limited number of observations or measurements (data) are used to generate ideas and make observations

Question 6

how to conduct an effective literature review

Answer 6

be comprehensive (search many databases, articles, and viewpoints)

be critical (critical thinking, judgment, analysis about the article)

be clever (identify flaws, contradictions, and anomalies)

Question 7

abstracting

Answer 7

citing a full reference of a work after only skimming through the abstract

Question 8

citation bias

Answer 8

occurs when an author only cites evidence that supports their view an do not cite conflicting evidence