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Fire and Life Safety Educator 1 > Chapter 2 - Fire Behavior, Systems and Devices, and Fire Prevention > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Fire Behavior, Systems and Devices, and Fire Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

Fire

A

Burning or combustion which is a chemical chain reaction that includes a self-sustaining rapid oxidation of a fuel accompanied by the release of heat and light

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2
Q

heat

A

energy; can be chemical, mechanical, electrical, or nuclear

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3
Q

fuel

A

material being burned

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4
Q

exothermic reaction

A

when heat created by a fire is transferred to other materials and begins heating them

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5
Q

incipient stage

A

a form of energy transfer, usually heat, generates gas from a fuel source so the fuel is mixable with air

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6
Q

ignition temperature

A

lowest temperature that will give off gases that can self ignite and sustain burning

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7
Q

spontaneous combustion

A

a material is able to self heat to point of ignition

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8
Q

ignition point

A

temperature at which object begins to burn

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9
Q

growth stage

A

growth of a fire from point of ignition

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10
Q

flashover

A

transition between growth stage and fully developed stage when all room contents reach their ignition temperatures abs become a fully developed fire

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11
Q

fully developed stage

A

point at which fire is consuming maximum amount of fuel

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12
Q

smoke

A

product of incomplete combustion. unburnt material. includes solids liquids gases suspended in the thermal plume

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13
Q

conflagration

A

large and destructive fire that jumps natural barriers

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14
Q

ventilation limited fire

A

fire in enclosed building restricted by insufficient oxygen

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15
Q

flash point

A

minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form ignitable mixture at the surface and flash but insufficient to sustain combustion

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16
Q

flammable liquid

A

liquid having flash point below 100 degrees F, such as gasoline

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17
Q

combustible liquid

A

liquid having flash point above 100 degrees F, such as diesel

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18
Q

wet chemicals

A

class K agents composed of water based solutions containing potassium in combination with other agents, usually found in fixed systems in commercial cooking areas

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19
Q

standard

A

a rule for measuring or model to be followed, specifies how to do something and with which materials

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20
Q

codified

A

codes arranged according to a system

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21
Q

model code

A

a system of rules, guidelines, methods, and regulations developed and accepted through consensus by private not-for-profit organizations with an interest and expertise in that area and made available to governments to formally accept and put into use within their jurisdiction

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22
Q

adoption

A

formally accepting a code and setting it into action

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23
Q

ordinance

A

law of an authorized subdivision of a state, such as a country , city, or town

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24
Q

(code) adoption by reference

A

when legislation states that a certain code and specific edition will be enforced within the jurisdiction

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25
Q

(code) adoption by transcript

A

means model code is republished as an ordinance and a license must be purchased to do so

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26
Q

mini-maxi code

A

code adopted as a state code that can not be locally amended

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27
Q

specification code

A

code that specifies a type of construction or materials used

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28
Q

performance code

A

assigns an objective to be met and establishes criteria for determining compliance

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29
Q

technical code

A

regulates technical processes

such as construction installation of electrical , mechanical, and plumbing systems; regulation of hazardous industrial processes; and building electrical, mechanic, plumbing and property maintenance codes

30
Q

(occupancy) Group A: Assembly

A

occupancies with large numbers of people such as restaurants, nightclubs, churches, auditoriums, arenas

31
Q

(occupancy) Group E: Education

A

occupancies including educational use for kindergarten through 12th grade and daycare for children 2.5 years and older

32
Q

exit access

A

point from anywhere in the building to an exit

33
Q

exit

A

rated assembly that provides a protected path to the exit discharge

34
Q

exit discharge

A

portion of means of egress between exterior exit door and the public way

35
Q

common fire hazard

A

conditions prevalent in most occupancies that increase chances of a fire starting

36
Q

personal fire hazard

A

common hazard caused by unsafe acts of individuals

37
Q

target fire hazard

A

property where there’s great potential for large loss of life or property

38
Q

special fire hazard

A

dangerous conditions resulting from a particular process or operation conducted in an occupancy

39
Q

initiation device

A

device that senses the presence of heat or smoke, sprinkler activation, or a triggered manual activation and sends a signal to the control panel

40
Q

fire alarm control panel (FACP)

A

receives signal from detection device then directs signal to signaling devices

41
Q

signaling device

A

indicator that provides audible, tactical, or visible outputs to provide a stimuli to alert occupants

42
Q

EVACS

A

emergency voice alarm communications system - communications system that allows different types of signals/alerts to be sent the entire building or select areas

43
Q

ionization smoke detector

A

has electrically charged air on sensing chamber, smoke interrupts the electric charge

44
Q

photoelectric smoke detector

A

uses lights/lasers and a sensor, smoke interrupts beam between light and laser

45
Q

NFPA 13

A

standard for installation of sprinkler systems

46
Q

NFPA13D

A

standard for installation of sprinkler systems in one and two family dwellings and manufactured homes

47
Q

(ESFR) Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler system

A

wet system for pallet and rack storage up to 35ft with increased flow densities - up to 5 times as much water

48
Q

preaction sprinkler system

A

dry system usually in high value property areas. connected to detection equipment and requires activation of fire detector to activate

49
Q

deluge sprinkler system

A

dry system. requires activation of fire detector or manual station, uses open sprinkler heads

50
Q

residential sprinkler system compared to commercial

A

uses lower water pressure, smaller system, smaller piping (CPVC or copper), require less heat to activate

51
Q

fire stages

A

incipient
growth
fully developed
decay

52
Q

first known fire code written in ____ (year)

A

1772 in present day Iraq

53
Q

number of building occupancy classes

A

10

54
Q

the 2 high risk building occupancy classes

A 
Group A (assembly)
Group B (education)
55
Q

some of the most catastrophic fires in history as far as fatalities had compromised ____

A

means of egress

56
Q

10 building occupancy classifications

A 
Assembly (A)
Business (B)
Educational (E)
Factory and Industrial (F)
High Hazard (H)
Institutional (I)
Mercantile (M)
Residential (R)
Storage (S)
Utility and Miscellaneous (U)
57
Q

storage should conclude ___ below the sprinklers

A

at least 18 inches

58
Q

pre-action sprinkler system

A

used in area of high valued property, dry piping, closed sprinkler heads, requires activation of detector to operate

59
Q
A

used in areas with potentially fast fire spread, dry piping, all open sprinkler heads that all activate at the same time, deliver up to 5 times as much water as other systems

60
Q

NFPA __ covers portable fire extinguishers

A

NFPA 10

61
Q

NFPA __ covers fire alarm and detection systems

A

NFPA 72

62
Q

care should be taken to keep explanations ______

A

simple

63
Q

fire is a __________ reaction

A

exothermic

64
Q

when winds fan the flames and quicken the spread the fire is known as a

A

conflagration

65
Q

the first fire prevention day was in ____(year)

A

1911

66
Q

What are the three basic occupancy code types

A

Specification code
Performance code
Technical code

67
Q

NFPA ___ addresses occupant safety in buildings with regard to the establishment and maintenance of exits. written in ____ (year)

A

NFPA 101

1911

68
Q

Model building and fire codes and NFPA 101 classify buildings into __ general classifications.

A

10

69
Q

3 parts to an egress

A

Exit access
Exit
Exit Discharge

70
Q

5 Types of occupancy hazards

A 
Fire Hazard
Common Fire Hazard
Personal Fire Hazard
Target Fire Hazard
Special Fire Hazard
71
Q

some pull stations may be;

A

hollow on the inside and not operate

72
Q

5 types of sprinkler systems

A 
Wet Pipe Sprinkler System
Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) Sprinkler System
Dry Pipe Sprinkler System
Preaction Sprinkler System
Deluge Sprinkler System

Fire and Life Safety Educator 1 (11 decks)

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