chapter 2 evolution of clinical psyc Flashcards
what is the moral treatment movement
efforts made to reform mental health treatment
who is eli todd
an advocate for the humane treatment of the mentally ill in the us
opened the retreat in hartford conn
who is dorothea dix?
the establishment of more then 30 state institutions for the mentally ill
she realized that there wasn’t enough housing
who is lightner witmer
opened first psychological clinic focused on application
first professional of clinical psychology
apply research to help
two broad categories of mental illness in 1800s europe
neurosis- some symptoms, but in tough with reality
psychosis- had broken from reality in their thinking
who is Emil Kraepelin
published first textbook on psychiatry
set a precedent for the creation of diagnostic terms
two-category system from emil kraepelin
exogenous disorder- caused by external factors
endogenous disorders- caused by internal factors
explain the differences in the DSMs
1-just summary’s of disorders
2- no changes
3-specific diagnosis criteria
no major changes since
who is alfred binet
made a test to help schools identify students who would not benefit from instruction in a regular classroom
binet-simon scale
why is the standforn-binet intelligence scale important
first norm-referenced test of intelligence
adapted by researching and conditions interested in classifying children with learning disabilities
Producer of modern intelligent testing
who is david wechsler
The wechsler adult intelligent scale (WAIS)
the wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC)
The wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence (WPPSI)
what is a projective personality test
A personality test in which individuals are assumed to project their personality characteristics via responses to ambiguous or vague stimuli
what field within psychology do most members of the APA belong to
clinical psychologist
types of psychotherapy
Psychodynamic approach, behavioral approach, humanistic approach, cognitive therapy
what is the psychodynamic approach?
It was challenged this time past different approaches were developed
What is the behavioral approach?
popular 1950s 1960s
Emphasized empirical methods
Measure problems and progress in observable quantifiable terms
what is the humanistic approach?
Client centered
Emphasis on personal growth and relationships
what is cognitive therapy approach?
Currently very popular
Emphasis on logical thinking
how did World War II influence clinical psychology?
Created a demand for more practicing clinical psychologist
Veterans return with shell shock
The government and VA requested formal training to meet demand
What are objective personality test
They’re more scientifically sound
scoring and interpretations is more straightforward
typically self-directed
Minnesota multiphasic, personality inventory
MMPI
Published in 1943
Validity scales assessed random, responding intentionally misleading responses
projective assessments of personality
Herman Rorschach-the ink block test
thematic apperception test TAT- harvard something
scrutiny of intelligence tests
standards are normative data
Psychology test now need to ensure that normative data comes from a representative sample
