Chapter 2: Environment

Question 1

Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF’s)

Answer 1

not under the control of the project team, that influences, constrains, or directs the project
originate from the environment outside of the project and often outside the enterprise
may have impact at the organizational, portfolio, program, or project level

Question 2

Organizational Process Assets (OPA’s)

Answer 2

internal to the organization
processes, policies, and procedures
corporate knowledge base
include any artifact, practice, or knowledge form from any, or all, of the performing organizations involved in the project.

Question 3

Internal EEF’s

Answer 3

1. Organizational structure/culture/governance - vision, mission, values, beliefs, etc
2. Geographic distribution of facilities/resources - factory locations, virtual teams, shares systems, cloud computing
3. Infrastructure - equipment, telecommunication channels, IT hardware, availability, capacity
4. IT software - software tools, web interfaces
5. Resource availability - contracting and purchasing constraints, approved providers and subcontractors
6. Employee capability - existing HR expertise, skills, competencies, and specialized knowledge

Question 4

External EEF’s

Answer 4

1. Marketplace conditions
2. Social/cultural influences and issues
3. Legal restrictions
4. Commercial databases
5. Academic research
6. Government or industry standards
7. Financial considerations
8. Physical environmental elements

Question 5

Processes, Policies, and Procedures - OPA’s

Answer 5

1. Initiating and planning
   - guidelines for tailoring the organizations processes
   - organization standards such as policies
   - product and project life cycles
   - templates
   - preapproved supplier list
2. Executing, monitoring, and controlling
   - change control procedures
   - traceability matrices
   - financial control procedures
   - issue/defect management procedures
   - resource availability
   - organizational communication requirements
   - procedures for approval
   - templates
   - standard guidelines
3. Closing
   - final project audits, project evaluations, deliverable acceptance, etc.

Question 6

Organizational Knowledge Repositories - OPA’s

Answer 6

1. Configuration management knowledge containing software/hardware components
2. Financial data containing labor hours, incurred costs, budgets, and any cost overruns
3. Historical information and lessons learned
4. Issue and defect management
5. Data, metrics used to collect and making available measurement data on processes and products
6. Project files from previous projects: scope, cost, schedule, risk registers, risk reports, stakeholder registers

Question 7

Governance Framework

Answer 7

Rules
Policies 
Procedures 
Norms
Relationships
Systems
Processes

this framework influences:

• objectives that are set to be achieved
• how risks are monitored and assessed
• performance is optimized

Question 8

Project Governance

Answer 8

refers to the framework, functions, and processes that guide project management
unique to each project and should be tailored accordingly

Question 9

Management Elements

Answer 9

components that comprise the key functions/principles of general management in the organization 
examples:
division of work using specialized skills and availability to perform work
authority given to perform work
responsibility to perform work appropriately assigned based on skill and expertise 
discipline of action 
unity of command
unity of direction 
optimal use of resources 
clear communication channels
fair and equal treatment 
safety in the workplace

Question 10

Factors in Organizational Structure Selection

Answer 10

degree of alignment with objectives 
specialization capabilities 
span of control, efficiency, and effectiveness 
clear path for escalation of decisions 
clear line and scope of authority 
delegation capabilities 
accountability/responsibility assignment 
adaptability of design 
simplicity of design 
efficiency of performance 
cost considerations 
physical locations 
clear communications

Question 11

Primary Function of a PMO

Answer 11

to support PM’s in many ways:
managing shared resources across all projects
identifying and developing PM methodology, best practices, and standards
coaching, mentoring, training, oversight
developing and managing project policies, procedures, templates, and other shares documentation (OPA’s)
coordinating communication across projects