Chapter 2 Energy from fuels Flashcards

1
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum energy required by reactants for a chemical reaction to occur. It is the energy required to break the bonds between the atoms of the reactants to allow products to form.

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2
Q

Avogadro’s number

A

The number of particles in one mole of any substance, equivalent to 6.023 x 10^23 particles.

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3
Q

Bond energy

A

The energy required to break a covalent bond.

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4
Q

Bond strength

A

The strength of a covalent bond. In general, the higher the bond energy the greater the bond strength.

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5
Q

Chemical energy

A

The sum of the chemical potential and kinetic energy in a substance. Chemical energy is stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules.

The energy results from things such as:
attractions between electrons and protons in atoms;
repulsion between nuclei;
repulsions between electrons;
movement of electrons ;
and vibrations and rotations around bonds.

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6
Q

Combustion reaction

A

A combustion reaction which takes place with sufficient oxygen. The products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons are carbon dioxide and water.

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7
Q

Endothermic

A

A reaction which absorbs energy from the surroundings. Delta H is positive.

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8
Q

Energy profile diagram

A

A diagram which shows the energy changes during a chemical reaction

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9
Q

Enthalpy

A

Heat content. The sum of chemical potential and kinetic energies in a substance; symbol H.

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10
Q

Enthalpy change

A

The difference in the total enthalpy of the products and the total enthalpy of the reactants, symbol Delta H. Also known as heat of reaction.

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11
Q

Enthalpy of combustion

A

The enthalpy released when a specified quantity (eg one mole or one gram) of a substance is burned completely in oxygen; symbol delta H

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12
Q

Exothermic

A

A reaction which releases energy to the surroundings. Delta H is negative.

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13
Q

Heat of combustion

A

The energy released when a specified quantity (eg 1 mole or 1 gram) of a substance burns completely in oxygen.

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14
Q

Heat of reaction

A

The difference in enthalpy between the reactants and products during a chemical reaction. Also known as enthalpy change.

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15
Q

Incomplete combustion

A

A combustion process that takes place when oxygen is limited. Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons produces carbon and carbon monoxide as well carbon dioxide.

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16
Q

Molar mass

A

The mass of one mole or equivalent of a compound.