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Boies > Chapter 2: Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Develop from the branchial apparatus

A

External and middle ear

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2
Q

Develop from the otic placode

A

Inner ear

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3
Q

External canal

A

1/2 cartilaginous

2/3 bony

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4
Q

Derived from the ectodermal 1st branchial cleft

A

External ear canal

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5
Q

Represents the closing membrane of the 1st branchial cleft

A

Tympanic membrane

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6
Q

Derived from the margins of the 1st branchial cleft and the 1st and 2nd branchial arches

A

Pinna

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7
Q

The external ear canal actually is closed completely by a meatal plug of tissue but reopens again

A

Factor in some cases of atresia or stenosis

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8
Q

Pinna is supplied by the…

A
  1. Auriculotemporal branch (mandibular nerve)
  2. Lesser occipital (cervical plexus)
  3. Greater auricular nerve (cervical plexus)
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9
Q

Derived from the endodermal 1st branchial cleft

A

Middle ear

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10
Q

Derived from the cartilage of the branchial arches

A

Ossicles

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11
Q

Derived from the cartilage of the 1st branchial arch (Meckel’s cartilage)

A

Malleus

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12
Q

Derived from the cartilage of the 2nd branchial arch (Reichert’s cartilage)

A

Incus and stapes

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13
Q
  1. Derives from the 1st arch
  2. Attaches to the malleus
  3. Supplied by the mandibular nerve (CN V)
A

Tensor tympani

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14
Q

Derivative of 2nd arch

Supplied by a division of the 7th nerve

A

Stapedius muscle

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15
Q

Derived from the muscles of branchial arches

A

Muscles of the middle ear

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16
Q

Located on the lateral surface of the embryo

A

Ectodermal otic placode

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17
Q

Important in the development of the facial, acoustic and vestibular nerves

A

Acousticofacial ganglion

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18
Q

Forms a diverticulum that comes to lie close to the developing neural tube and that will become the endolymphatic duct

A

Auditory vesicle

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19
Q

It constricts forming superior utricle and inferior saccule

A

Otic vesicle

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20
Q

Gives off a spiral cochlear duct

A

Saccule

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21
Q

Semicircular canals forms into a

A

Cristae

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22
Q

Utricle and saccule forms into

A

Maculae

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23
Q

Cochlea forms into

A

Organ of Corti

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24
Q

Contains endolymph

A

Membranous labyrinth

25
Contains the ear | Derived from the 4 separate parts
Temporal bone
26
4 separate parts (temporal bone)
1. Bony external ear canal: tympanic ring 2. Styloid process: 2nd branchial cartilage 3. Squamous portion: cartilage 4. Petrous portion: cartilaginous capsule of otic vesicle
27
Not present at birth | Infant's facial nerve is very superficial
Mastoid process
28
An air-containing region in the mastoid bone
Aditus to the antrum
29
Composed of cartilage covered by skin
External ear
30
Anterior to the external ear canal
TMJ and parotid gland
31
Posterior to the ear canal
Mastoid process
32
Exits the stylomastoid foramen and passes lateral to the styloid process posteroinferior to the external ear canal and then runs beneath the external ear canal to enter the parotid gland
Facial nerve
33
Point of the cone | Directed medially
Umbo
34
Conical structure Round Part of middle ear cavity
TM/eardrum
35
Contains the bodies of the malleus and incus | Extends above the upper limit of the TM
Epitympanum
36
Part of the middle ear cavity extending below the TM
Hypotympanic
37
Layers of TM
1. Outer epidermal 2. Middle fibrous: missing above the lateral process of the malleus causes Shrapnell's membrane to be flaccid 3. Inner mucosa
38
Air-containing Can be conceptualized as a box with six sides Posterior wall is wider than the anterior wall
Middle ear
39
The most prominent feature of medial wall of the middle ear
Bony promontory covering the 1st turn of the cochlea
40
Connects the middle ear cavity with the nasopharynx Equalize the air pressure on both sides of the TM Lateral part: bony Medial 2/3: cartilaginous
Eustachian tube
41
High in potassium | Low in sodium
Endolymph
42
High in sodium | Low in potassium
Perilymph
43
Portion of membranous and bony labyrinth concerned with balance
Vestibular portion (pars superior)
44
Portion of membranous and bony labyrinth concerned of hearing
Cochlear portion (pars inferior)
45
Coiled like a snail's or horn of plenty for 2 1/2 turns
Cochlea
46
Axis of the spiral | Contains the nerve bundles and arterial supply from the vertebral artery
Modiolus
47
Bony cavity of the cochlea is divided into 3 portions by endolymph-containing 35 mm long cochlear duct
1. Scala vestibuli 2. Scala media 3. Scala tympani
48
Contains perilymph | Divided from the cochlear duct by the thin Reissner's membrane
Scala vestibuli
49
Contains perilymph | Divided from the cochlear duct by the osseous spiral lamina and the basilar membrane
Scala tympani
50
The perilymph of 2 scalae communicates at the apex of the spiral cochlea past the blind end of the cochlear duct, through a small opening called...
Helicotrema
51
Narrow at the base (high tones) | Wide at the apex (low tones)
Basilar membrane
52
Contains the essential organelles of the peripheral neural mechanism of hearing Contains 1 row of inner hair cells (3000) and 3 rows of outer hair cells (12000)
Organ of Corti
53
Secreted and supported by a medially placed platform (limbus)
Tectorial membrane
54
Made up of saccule, utricle and semicircular canals
Vestibular part of the inner ear
55
Both contain a macula that is covered with hair cells
Utricle and saccule
56
Heavier density than the endolymph | Pulled on by gravity-->bends the cilia of the hair cells-->stimulates the receptor
Otoliths
57
The only vascularized epithelium in the body
Stria vascularis
58
Fluid and electrolyte transport system Maintenance of the electrolyte composition of the endolymph Act as a 2nd battery for the organ of Corti
Stria vascularis
59
Is the source of the scala media direct current potential | Is the unique adaptation to provide nutrients to the organ of Corti while keeping the vascular supply at a distance
Stria vascularis

Boies (27 decks)

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