Chapter 19: Anatomy and Physiology of the Larynx

Question 1

Derivatives of the embryonal foregut (appears at about 18 days after conception)

Answer 1

1. Pharynx
2. Larynx
3. Trachea

Question 2

Contain the 1st indications of the respiratory system and the anlage of the larynx

Answer 2

Median pharyngeal groove

Question 3

Apparent at about 21 days of embryonic life

Answer 3

Laryngotracheal sulcus/groove

Question 4

Represents the pulmonary primordium

Answer 4

Caudal expansion of laryngotracheal sulcus/groove

Question 5

Recognizable by 33 days

Answer 5

1. Arytenoid swellings

2. Epithelial lamina

Question 6

Develop during 3-4 weeks

Answer 6

Cartilages, muscles including vocal folds

Question 7

Does not appear until midfetal life

Answer 7

Cartilage of the epiglottis

Question 8

Laryngotracheal esophageal cleft

Answer 8

Incomplete closure of the cricoid cartilage

Question 9

1. Most common congenital laryngeal abnormality seen as a cause for stridor in the newborn
2. Benign self-limiting condition that will resolve with growth and development

Answer 9

Laryngomalacia

Question 10

Composed of 1 bone and several paired and unpaired cartilages

Answer 10

Laryngeal skeletal structure

Question 11

Two groups of laryngeal muscles

Answer 11

1. Extrinsic (act mainly in the larynx as a whole)

2. Intrinsic (cause movements between the various laryngeal structures themselves)

Question 12

Extrinsic muscles (by function)

Answer 12

1. Depressors

2. Elevators

Question 13

Depressors or strap muscles

Originate inferiorly

Answer 13

1. Omohyoid
2. Sternohyoid
3. Sternothyroid

Question 14

Elevators

Extend from the hyoid bone to the mandible, tongue and styloid process of the skull

Answer 14

1. Mylohyoid
2. Geniohyoid
3. Genioglossus
4. Hyoglossus
5. Digastric
6. Stylohyoid

Question 15

Considered a strap muscle

Functions mainly as an elevator

Answer 15

Thyrohyoid

Question 16

Serves as the upper esophageal sphincter

Answer 16

Cricopharyngeus