Chapter 2: Electrons and the Periodic Table Flashcards
What predicts atom/ion behavior?
the location of the electrons
What model first showed what causes an atom to emit only a certain wavelength of light?
Bohr Model
What atom is the only atom that works with the Bohr Model of the Atom
hydrogen
What is “ground level” for a Bohr atom?
n=1
What is the term for an electron going from a lower energy level to a higher one?
absorption (excitation)
What is the term for an electron going from a higher energy level to a lower one?
emission (relaxation)
What are absorption and emission both known as?
electronic transfers
With a Bohr atom, which energy level jump is the biggest?
n=1 to n=2
As the “n” number increases, what happens to the amount of energy?
energy increases
Electrons behave as:
waves
Light behaves as a:
particle
What equation is the Quantum Mechanical Model based on?
Schrodinger’s Equation
What do quantum numbers tell us?
location, orientation, shape, and spin of an electron
What does the principle quantum number (n) tell us?
the size and distance from the nucleus
What does the angular momentum quantum number (L) tell us?
the shape
What “L” number goes with each shape (S,P,D,F)?
S=0
P=1
D=2
F=3
What does the magnetic quantum number (ML) tell us?
the orientation of the orbital in space
What does the spin quantum number (MS) tell us?
the spin of the electron (either 1/2 or -1/2)
T/F: every electron has a unique set of quantum numbers?
TRUE!
What is known as the likelihood of finding an electron within any volume?
orbital
What is the shape of an S oribal?
sphere
What is the shape of a P orbital?
dumbell
What is the shape of a D orbital?
clover leaf
What is the shape of an F orbital?
double clover leaf
How many electrons can be in an S orbital?
2
How many electrons can be in a P orbital?
6
How many electrons can be in a D orbital?
10
How many electrons can be in an F orbital?
14
Is F- a cation or anion?
anion
Is F+ a cation or anion?
cation
The ion formed by an element can be based on it’s location on the:
periodic table
What are valence electrons?
the number of electrons in the highest N level (S and P levels)
What are core electrons?
the electrons found in the noble gas core of an element
Where are the largest elements on the periodic table?
the bottom left corner
T/F: electrons always want to be in the highest energy level
FALSE!
As we increase period, atomic size:
increases
Where are the elements with the highest amount of ionization energy located?
the top right corner
All atoms want a full shell to look like a:
noble gas
Where are the elements with the most metallic character located on the periodic table?
the bottom left corner
T/F: half filled or completely filled D orbitals are more stable than those with one electron or less
TRUE!
What is known as energy transferred in waves?
light
What is a wavelength?
the distance between peaks on a successive wavelength
What is frequency?
the number of waves passing a particular point in one second
As wavelength increases, energy:
decreases
As frequency increases, energy:
increases
The shortest wavelengths are:
gamma
The longest wavelengths are:
radio
What is the range of (nm) representing visible light?
400nm-700nm
What is a photon?
tiny, discrete packets of light
What is a cation?
a positive (+) ion on an atom
What is an anion?
a negative (-) ion of an atom
