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intro to chem > Chapter 1: Atoms and Elements > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Atoms and Elements Flashcards

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1
Q

What causes compounds with the same number of an element to have different properties? (i.e. beef fat and olive oil having the same number of carbon atoms)

A

the difference in structure

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2
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A

observation, hypothesis, experiments, revision, and developing a theory

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3
Q

What are all elements composed of?

A

Atoms

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4
Q

What are the three parts of Dahlton’s Postulate?

A
  1. Each element is composed of atoms
  2. all atoms of the same element have the same properties and these properties differ between elements
  3. Elements combine in simple, whole number ratios to form compounds
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5
Q

What model did Thompson develop?

A

The plum pudding model

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6
Q

What model did Rutherford develop?

A

The gold foil model

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7
Q

Where is most of the mass of an atom located?

A

The nucleus (center)

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8
Q

What is most of an atom’s volume composed of?

A

empty space containing the electrons

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9
Q

What is the electric charge of an atom?

A

neutral

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10
Q

What is the abbreviation for a proton?

A

p+

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11
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A

+1

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12
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1.67X10^-27

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13
Q

Where are protons located?

A

in the nucleus

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14
Q

What is the abbreviation for a neutron?

A

n0

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15
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A

0

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16
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1.67X10^-27

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17
Q

Where are neutrons located?

A

in the nucleus

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18
Q

What is the abbreviation for an electron?

A

e-

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19
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron?

A

-1

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20
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

-1

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21
Q

Where are electrons located?

A

outside of the nucleus

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22
Q

What is Z?

A

atomic number and number of protons

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23
Q

what is A?

A

mass number (protons+neutrons)

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24
Q

What is X?

A

the atomic symbol (letter(s))

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25
Q

How do you calculate the mass number?

A

protons+neutrons

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26
Q

What is group 1?

A

alkali metals

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27
Q

What is group 2?

A

alkaline earth metals

28
Q

What is group 7?

A

halogens

29
Q

What are halogens called when they form ionic compounds?

A

halides

30
Q

What is group 8?

A

noble gases

31
Q

What are the three categories of elements called?

A

metals, non-metals, and metalloids

32
Q

What are the three regions of the period table called?

A

main-group, transition metals, and the lanthanide actinide series

33
Q

All atoms of the same element have the same number of what?

A

protons

34
Q

Not all atoms of the same element have the same number of what?

A

neutrons

35
Q

What is an isotope?

A

atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

36
Q

What is atomic mass not equal to?

A

the mass number (A)

37
Q

What is the atomic mass?

A

the weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element

38
Q

What does AMU stand for?

A

atomic mass units

39
Q

How do you calculate the atomic mass?

A

%abundance of isotope 1 (mass of isotope 1) + %abundance of isotope 2 (mass of isotope 2) …..

40
Q

How many sig. digits are in 1.2430?

A

5

41
Q

How many sig. digits are in 0.0002?

A

1

42
Q

Which has more force: objects 2 cm apart or objects 4 cm apart?

A

objects 2 cm apart

43
Q

Which has more force: objects with charges of 2 and 1 or objects with charges of 1 and 1?

A

objects with charges of 2 and 1

44
Q

What is matter?

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

45
Q

Opposite charges are _____ to each other

A

attracted

46
Q

Like charges _____ each other

A

repell

47
Q

The larger the charge, the ____ the interaction

A

stronger

48
Q

The closer together, the ____ the intereaction

A

stronger

49
Q

Opposite charges ____ each other out

A

cancel

50
Q

What is contained in the nucleus of an atom?

A

neutrons and protons

51
Q

The nucleus accounts for almost all of the ____ of an atom

A

mass

52
Q

The nucleus only accounts for a tiny amount of the ____ of an atom

A

volume

53
Q

When the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons, the charge of the atom is ____

A

neutral

54
Q

What are the letters used to identify an element called?

A

the chemical symbol

55
Q

What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?

A

groups

56
Q

What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?

A

periods

57
Q

Elements in the same group have the same _____

A

properties

58
Q

The mass number is equal to _____+______

A

protons, neutrons

59
Q

What are nucleons?

A

protons and neutrons collectively together

60
Q

What is the equation for atomic mass?

A

A=m1p1+m2p2…..

61
Q 
Which of the following shows cancelled charges?
A. 10+ 10-
B. 20+ 21-
C. 15+ 18-
D. 16+ 13-
A

A

62
Q

A neutral atom contains the same number of protons and _____

A

electrons

63
Q

The number of _____ does not affect the charge of an atom

A

neutrons

64
Q

In a ____ atom, the number of electrons always equals the number of protons

A

neutral

65
Q

A ____ is the smallest identifiable piece of an element and has the same properties as the element

A

atom

66
Q

Which isotope has the higher abundance:
A. NI-58 or Ni-60
B. K-39 or K-41
C. Fe-54 or Fe-56

A

A. Ni-58
B. K-39
C. Fe-56

intro to chem (13 decks)

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